Flashcards in Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Deck (77)
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1
___ bone cell involved in bone remodeling by coordinating osteoblast and osteocyte activity in response to different stimuli
osteocyte
2
most common skeletal dysplasia
achondroplasia
3
most common lethal form of dwarfism
thantophoric dysplasia
4
most common inherited disorder of connective tissue
osteogenesis imperfecta
5
most lethal type of osteogenesis imperfecta
Type II (usually autosomal recessive)
6
Albers-Schonberg disease is also known as
Osteopetrosus
7
[diagnose]
absent medullary canal, erlenmeyer flask deformity, renal tubular acidosis, diffuse symmetric skeletal sclerosis
osteopetrosis
8
decreased bone mass is called
osteopenia
9
severe osteopenia is called
osteoporosis
10
[diagnose: osteopenia]
cancellous part of the vertebral bodies have a thin trabecular plates and vertebral collapse
postmenopausal osteopenia
11
[diagnose: osteopenia]
cortical part is affected, widened haversian system
if severe, cancellous like appearance
senile osteopenia
12
osteoporosis in menopause is associated with increased ____ and decreased ___ activities
Decreased serum estrogen,
Increased IL1, IL6, TNF, RANK, RANKL, Osteoclast activity
13
osteoporosis in aging is associated with decreased ___
decreased
1. replicative activity of osteoprogenitor cells
2. osteoblast activity
3. matrix-bound growth factor activity
4. physical activity
14
[diagnose]
elderly, axial skeleton, proximal femur, bone pain due to microfacture
histo: increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass
"jigsaw puzzle"
can cause high output failure
paget disease
Osteitis deformans
15
[diagnose]
decreased mineral content of bone due to abnormal mineralization
rickets and osteomalacia
16
__
rail-road track like appreance
dissecting osteitis
17
[diagnose: renal ostodystrophy]
decrease BMP-7
Acidosis
increased RANKL
osteopenia
18
[diagnose: renal ostodystrophy]
Acidosis
decreased 1,25 OH2 vitamin D
Decreased calcium
increased PO4
hyperparathyroidism
osteomalacia
19
___ increases PO4, decreases klotho
FGF-23
20
procallus bone is formed ___ week post injury
1 week
21
___ disease
avascular necrosis of ossification centers in children
legg-calve-perthes disease
22
most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
23
most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in IV drug user
E. coli
pseudomonas
klebsiella
24
most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in neonates
H. influenza
GBS
25
most common etiologic agent in osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cel disease
salmonella
26
most common location of osteomyelitis in neonates
metaphyses and epiphyses
27
most common location of osteomyelitis in children
metaphyseal
28
most common location of osteomyelitis in adults
epiphyses and subchondral region
29
___ refers to small intraosseous abscess in osteomyelitis
Brodie abscess
30
___ refers to newly developed sleeve of bone around dead bone in osteomyelitis
involucrum
31
___ refers to dead bone in osteomyelitis
sequestrum
32
[diagnosis]
subperiosteal draining sinus, sequestrum, involucrum, brodie abscess
osteomyelitis
33
location of periosteal bone deposition in saber shin
anterior and medial surface of tibia
34
most common primary tumors excluding hematologic is
osteosarcoma
35
[diagnosis]
bone-forming, benign
<2cm
appendicular skeleton (common in femur and tibia)
marked reactive bone formation, relieved by NSAIDs
haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone WITH osteoblastic rimming, no atypia
Osteoid sarcoma
36
[diagnosis]
bone-forming, benign
>2cm
common in axial skeleton (usually in vertebral column, less pronounced reactive bone formation, not relieved by NSAIDs
haphazardly interconnecting trabeculae of woven bone WITH osteoblastic rimming, no atypia
osteoblastoma
37
[diagnosis]
<20 years old, then older adults (bimodal)
bone pain, mass
metaphysis of long bone
periosteal lifting (codman triangle), infiltrative borders (sunburst appearance), lytic and blastic leasion
histo: lace-like pattern
osteosarcoma
38
[diagnosis]
adolescent
bone pain, mass
metaphysis of long bone
periosteal lifting (codman triangle), infiltrative borders (sunburst appearance), lytic and blastic leasion
histo: lace-like pattern
abundant malignant cartilage
chondroblastic osteosarcoma
39
[diagnosis]
late adolescent/early adulthood, metaphysis of long bone
hyaline cartilage (hyaline cap); covered peripherally by perichondrium; has underlying bone and marrow
osteochondroma
40
[diagnosis]
20-50 years old
solitary lesion in metaphysis of hand and foot bones
cytologically benign chondrocytes
chondroma
41
most common intraosseus cartilage tumor
enchondroma
42
___ syndrome
Chondroma + spindle cell hemangioma
Ollier and Maffucci syndrome
43
second most common malignant matrix-producing tumor of the bone
chondrosarcoma
44
[diagnosis]
>40 year old, axial skeleton involved, anaplastic chondrocytes with varying cellularity, mitosis and atypia
chrondrosarcoma
45
second most common group of bone sarcoma in children
ewing sarcoma
46
t(11;22) fusion gene
ewing sarocma
47
[diagnosis]
child, painful enlarging mass with systemic symptoms
diaphysis of ling bone, flat bone of pelvis; onion skin-like deposition of reactive bone
ewing sarcoma
48
[diagnosis]
homer-wright rosettes, small, round blue cells in scant fibrous stroma
ewing sarcoma
49
[diagnosis]
20-40 years old,
solitary
seen in the epiphyses of long bones around the knee
histo: mononuclear cells with osteoclast-like giant cells
HIGH LEVELS OF RANKL activity
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
50
[diagnosis]
curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone without osteoblastic rimming
"chinese character" appearance of bony trabecuale
Fibrous dysplasia
51
___- syndrome
Fibrous dysplasia
Polyostotic FD
Cafe-au lait spots
precoccious puberty
McCune-Albright Syndrome
52
most common skeletal malignancy
metastasis
53
most common CA that metastasize to the bone in adults
prostate, breast, kidney, lung
54
most common CA that metastasize to the bone in children
neuroblastoma, wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
55
blastic form of bone metastasis is seen in ___
prostate CA
56
kidney, lung, GIT, and melanoma can form ___ type of bone lesion once it metastasize
lytic form
57
most common form of arthritis
osteoarthritis
58
[diagnosis]
proliferation of chrondrocytes, joint mice, eburnation (ivory-like), osteophytes
Osteoarthritis
59
[diagnosis]
Bouchard nodes, Heberden nodes, 1st CMCJ, 1st MTPJ are affected
joint deformity without fusion
osteoarthritis
60
Bouchard nodes refer to what joint
PIP
61
Heberden nodes refer to what joint
DIP
62
Genetic component of RA
HLA-DRB1
63
Central cytokine in pathogenesis of RA
TNF
64
pannus is the site of ___ activity
osteoclast
65
[diagnose]
synovial cell hyperplasia, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, angiogenesis, fibropurulent exudates,
osseous ankylosis
RA
66
cause of pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate
67
cut off value for hyperuricemia
>6.8 mg/dL
68
[diagnosis]
needle shaped, negatively bifringent
gout
monosodium urate
69
[diagnosis]
rhomboid-shaped, positively birefringent
calcium pyrophosphate
pseudogout
70
pathognomonic hallmark of gout
tophi in various sites
71
most common soft tissue tumor of adulthood
lipoma
72
lipoma in the deep soft tissue and retroperitoneum is ___ (malignant/benign)
can be malignant
73
most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence
embryonal
74
___ is the immunostain for rhabdomyoblastic differentiation
myogenin
75
[diagnosis]
eosinophilic, tadpole cells, numerous filaments
rhabdomyoblast
rhabdomyosarcoma
76
most common neoplasm in women
leiomyomas
77
