DD- COMMON SKIN CANCERS Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

Occurs more frequently in fair skinned individuals in geographic areas with higher UV exposure
UV radiation is the most common cause of BCC
Also occur after ionizing radiation, arsenic or polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure

A

Non-melanoma Skin Cance

rRISK FACTORS

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2
Q

Hedgehog Alterations in BCC: The majority of BCCs have a loss of function of PTCH1 which normally acts to block:

A

smoothened (SMO) a transmembrane protein

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3
Q

Vismodegib, an inhibitor of _____, was approved for the treatment of advanced BCC

A

smoothened

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4
Q

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

RISK FACTORS

A

Occurs more frequently in fair skinned individuals in geographic areas with higher UV exposure

UV radiation is the most common cause of BCC

Also occur after ionizing radiation, arsenic or polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure

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5
Q

The majority of BCCs have a loss of function of ______ which normally acts to block smoothened (SMO) a transmembrane protein

A

PTCH1

*Hedgehog Alterations in BCC

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6
Q

_______ an inhibitor of smoothened, was approved for the treatment of advanced BCC

A

Vismodegib,

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7
Q

Basal cell carcinomas are generally cured with

A

surgery

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8
Q

smoothened

A

a G protein-coupled receptor that is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway .

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9
Q

______ Approved for metastatic or inoperable BCCs

A

Vismodegib
(a chemotherapy)

Not a first line therapy

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10
Q

the most common precancer

Approximately 65% of all squamous cell carcinomas and 36% of all BCCs arise in lesions that previously were diagnosed as ______

A

Actinic Keratosis

Intraepidermal neoplasia

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11
Q

Actinic KeratosisTREATMENT

A

Cryosurgery- Liquid nitrogen (boiling point of -196 C)
Topical Chemotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
Sun protection

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12
Q

Second most common cutaneous malignancy

Occur much more commonly in immunosuppressed pts, especially organ transplant pts

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma risk factors

A
UV damage
 thermal injury
radiation
HPV
burn scars (Marjolin’s ulcer)
 chronic injury (i.e. EB)
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14
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

SUBTYPES

A

SCC in situ (Bowen’s disease)
Keratoacanthoma
Invasive SCC

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15
Q

in situ

A

in epidermis

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16
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the ___ are more aggressive

A

lip

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17
Q

Malignant Melanoma

ABCD Guidelines

A
A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity 
C = Color variegation 
D = Diameter greater than 6 mm
E = Evolution (or change)
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18
Q
Topical 5-fluoruracil
Topical Imiquimod
Cryosurgery
Electrodessication and Curettage
Excision
Mohs micrographic surgery
Radiation
these are all?
A

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

TREATMENT

19
Q

most common form of cancer for young adults 25-29 years old and the second most common form of cancer for young people 15-29 years old

20
Q

Malignant Melanoma
ABCD Guidelines

A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity 
C = Color variegation 
D = Diameter greater than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_mm
E = Evolution (or change)
21
Q

FAMMM

A

Genetic

100% chance of melanoma

22
Q

SPF stands for

A

Sun Protection Factor

23
Q

Clarks Levels

A
I Epidermis
II Papillary Dermis
III Mid Dermis
IV Reticular Dermis
V Subcutaneous fat
24
Q

Malignant MelanomaClinical Variants

A

Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Acral lentiginous

25
Malignant Melanoma Treatment
Surgical excision
26
Endothelial malignancy triggered by HHV-8 Slowly progressive Incidence 0.05 per 100,000 population in the USA AIDS – Associated
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
27
Kaposi’s Sarcoma THERAPY
Radiation Therapy Excision Interferon alpha Chemotherapy
28
Breslow Depth
Measurement in mm of tumor invasion | **Number one prognostic for melanoma
29
__________ often appear as flat, firm, pale areas or as small, raised, pink or red, translucent, shiny, waxy areas that may bleed after minor injury.
Basal cell carcinomas
30
Basal cell cancer begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the:
basal cell layer
31
Basal cell carcinomas arise from pluripotential cells due to mutations in the
hedgehog pathway
32
BRAF mutation is in most
moles. also in many melonams
33
Vemurafenib is a useful treatment in melenoma for pts with ______
BRAF mutation
34
_______ may appear as growing lumps, often with a rough surface, or as flat, reddish patches that grow slowly.
Squamous cell carcinoma
35
People do not often die of these cancers. About 1,000 to 2,000 people die of this
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
36
_______ accounts for about 3% of skin cancer cases but causes a large majority of skin cancer deaths
Melanoma
37
Melanoma may arise within a previously existing nevus or dysplastic nevus, but approximately 70% of the time, they arise:
de novo
38
The most important indicator of prognosis for all subtypes of melanoma is the ________, which is the maximal thickness of tumor invasion
Breslow depth
39
the ______, describes how far a melanoma has penetrated into the skin instead of actually measuring it
Clark level
40
SPF only reflects
UVB
41
SPF 15 means?
it takes 15 times longer to burn
42
One shot glass full of _____ should be used everyday
sunscreen, although tequila is nice too
43
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages _____. Most UV radiation comes from sunlight/tanning booths
DNA
44
Standard Treatment Options for Patients With Stage IV and Recurrent Melanoma
1. Immunotherapy: 2. Signal transduction inhibitors 3. Chemotherapy. 4. Palliative local therapy.