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BL/DD USMLE and Basics > Dermatology Review > Flashcards

Dermatology Review Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Epidermis layers

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basalis

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2
Q

Zones of the Dermis

A

Papillary dermis

  • upper layer
  • thin collagen bundles
  • interlocks with epidermal rete
  • increases strength
  • increases surface area

Reticular dermis

  • deeper layer
  • thick collagen bundles
  • visible elastic fibers
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3
Q
  1. Collagen – forms the tensile strength
  2. Elastic fibers – allow for resilience
  3. Ground substance – facilitates diffusion
A

Major constituents of the dermis

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4
Q

Acquired disorder of elastin

A

Solar elastosis

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5
Q

Congenital disorder of elastin

A

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

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6
Q

Acquired blistering disorder of DEJ

A

Bullous pemphgoid

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7
Q

Papillary dermis

  • upper layer
  • thin collagen bundles
  • interlocks with epidermal rete
  • increases strength
  • increases surface area

Reticular dermis

  • deeper layer
  • thick collagen bundles
  • visible elastic fibers
A

Zones of the Dermis

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8
Q

Congenital blistering disorder of DEJ

A

Epidermolysis bullosa

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9
Q

Proximal Subungual White Onychomycosis/ Trichophyton rubrum

A

Associated with HIV disease

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10
Q

Major constituents of the dermis

A
  1. Collagen – forms the tensile strength
  2. Elastic fibers – allow for resilience
  3. Ground substance – facilitates diffusion
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11
Q
  • upper layer
  • thin collagen bundles
  • interlocks with epidermal rete
  • increases strength
  • increases surface area
A

Papillary dermis

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12
Q
  • deeper layer
  • thick collagen bundles
  • visible elastic fibers
A

Reticular dermis

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13
Q

Anagen Effluvium

A

Loss of growing hairs- Often due to chemotherapy

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14
Q

Telogen Effluvium

A

Hairs go into resting cycle

May be due to medications, post partum

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15
Q

Nummular Dermatitis

A

distinct, coin-shaped (nummular) or oval sores on their skin

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16
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

An itchy inflammation of the skin

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17
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

A skin condition that causes scaly patches and red skin, mainly on the scalp

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18
Q

Irritant Dermatitis

A

is inflammation of the skin typically manifested by erythema, mild edema, and scaling.

Irritant contact dermatitis is a nonspecific response of the skin to direct chemical damage that releases mediators of inflammation predominately from epidermal cells.

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19
Q

Four Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Type I: Anaphylactic Reactions
Type II: Cytotoxic Reactions
Type III: Immune Complex Reactions
Type IV: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions

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20
Q

Involves reactions to circulating antigens
Antibodies bind antigen and form immune complexes which deposit in organs
These immune complexes activate complement and cause damage due to inflammatory cascade
Example: serum sickness reactions

A

Type III: Immune Complex Reactions

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21
Q

Langerhans cells are the antigen presenting cell
Memory T cells then become sensitized to locally deposited antigens
Local reaction occurs and this does not involve antibodies

A

Type IV: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions

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22
Q

__________ produce IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-beta, evoke cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation

A

Th1 cells

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23
Q

______ produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13, and evoke strong Ab responses (IgE) with eosinophil accumulation

A

Th2 cells

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24
Q

Impetigo

A

yellow/honey crust

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25
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diagnosis requires 2 or more of the following criteria
1. 6+ café au lait macules 2. 2+neurofibromas, or 1 plexiform neurofibroma 3. Axillary or inguinal freckling (Crowe’s sign) 4. Optic glioma 5. Two or more Lisch nodules 6. thinning of the long bone cortex 7. FDR with the disorder
26
Seborrheic Keratosis “Barnacles of Life”
Primary lesion Color- white to gray to tan to brown to black Exophytic papule- “stuck-on appearance” Smooth to verrucous Often friable Surface often studded with small pits (pseudohorncysts
27
Growth patterns of moles
Intradermal nevus Junctional nevus Compound nevus
28
Malignant Melanoma | ABCDE Guidelines
``` A = Asymmetry B = Border irregularity C = Color variation D = Diameter greater than 6 mm E = Evolution (or change) The Ugly Ducklin ```
29
1. 6+ café au lait macules 2. 2+neurofibromas, or 1 plexiform neurofibroma 3. Axillary or inguinal freckling (Crowe’s sign) 4. Optic glioma 5. Two or more Lisch nodules 6. thinning of the long bone cortex 7. FDR with the disorder
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diagnosis requires 2 or more of the following criteria
30
UVR Effects on the Skin
- Damage to DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins - Pro-inflammatory effects - Immunosuppressive effects - Induction of innate defenses - Induction of apoptosis - Vitamin D synthesis
31
Photodermatoses
Connective Tissue Disease Lupus Erythematosus Dermatomyositis Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD or Sharp’s Syndrome
32
Acanthosis Nigricans TREATMENT
Treat the underlying disorder | Keratolytics such as ammonium lactate or urea cream
33
Dermatomyositis | CLINICAL
Photodistributed, violaceous poikiloderma Favors scalp, periocular and extensor skin sites Heliotrope = Eruption on the upper eyelids +/- periorbital edema
34
Samitz sign
= ragged cuticles *Dermatomyositis CLINICAL
35
Gottron’s papules
lichenoid papules overlying knuckles, elbows, knees Dermatomyositis CLINICAL
36
Dermatomyositis - MALIGNANCY
Age appropriate malignancy screen including: mammogram, CXR, colonoscopy, PAP smear, PSA, CBC
37
Skin Defenses Against Ultraviolet Radiation
- DNA Repair - Apoptosis of Cells with DNA Damage - Defenses Against Reactive Oxygen - Melanin
38
Ointments vs. creams
To lubricate, creams must be applied every 2 hours; ointments only every 12 hours Creams require preservatives that may cause contact irritation or allergy
39
Pyoderma Gangrenosum - TREATMENT
Conservative wound care AVOID SURGERY AND DEBRIDEMENT Oral and topical anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids
40
Purple, polygonal, pruritic papules Wickham’s striae: an overlying lace-like pattern of white lines on the surface
Lichen Planus
41
Inflammatory Bowel Disease relates to?
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
42
Acanthosis Nigricans ASSOCIATIONS
Familial: AD, rare, onset in childhood Obesity Diabetes mellitus: Insulin Resistance Endocrinopathies
43
Macule
flush | less 1 cm
44
Papule
solid raised less 1 cm
45
Lichen Planus ASSOCIATIONS
Hepatitis C Prevalence of HCV was 2-13.5 fold higher in patients with LP than with controls In one study, 12 of 22 pts (55%) with LP were HCV positive
46
Patch
flush | >1 cm
47
Acanthosis Nigricans - MALIGNANCY
Malignancies include adenocarcinoma of the stomach (60%), lung and breast cancer
48
Wickham’s striae:
an overlying lace-like pattern of white lines on the surface
49
Plaque
raised | larger than 1 cm
50
Nodule
cystic elevation greater 1 cm
51
Bulla
circumscribed elevated clear/bloody fluid > 1cm
52
Scale
flakes on skin surface
53
Tumor
solid/cystic elevation over 2 cm
54
Vesicle
circumscribed elevated clear/bloody fluid < 1cm
55
Flat area of color change | Less than 1.0 cm
Flat: Macule
56
Atrophy
depression on skin surface | loss of epi/dermis
57
Flat area of color change | Greater than 1.0 cm
Flat: Patch
58
Discrete, solid, elevated body Less than 1.0 cm in diameter May be further classified by surface change Scale, Crust
Papule
59
Erosion
depression with loss of epidermis
60
Pustule
vesicle containing purulent exudate
61
Ulceration
loss of at least some of dermis
62
Crust
dried exudate
63
Wheal
circumscribed flat top firm elevation well demarkated palpable
64
Solid, flat-topped, elevated area of skin Greater than 1.0 cm and broader than thick May be further classified by surface change
Plaque
65
Firm and well-defined lesion May be dermal or subcutaneous Greater than 1.0 cm
Nodule
66
Fluid filled cavity or elevation Form within or just below epidermis Less than 1.0 cm in diameter
Vesicle
67
Fluid filled “blister” | Greater than 1.0 cm in diameter
Bulla
68
Circumscribed elevation that contains pus Less than 1.0 cm in diameter Color usually whitish-yellow
Pustule
69
Individuals with truncation mutations in the gene coding for filaggrin are strongly predisposed to a severe form of dry skin,________, and/or eczema.
ichthyosis vulgaris
70
Guttate psoriasis is associated with _____
strep infection

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

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