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From Flashcardlet > Structural Firefighting 2 > Flashcards

Structural Firefighting 2 Flashcards

1
Q

($$$$$$) and a good ($$$$$) are necessary prerequisites in the development of an incident action plan.

A

Size up

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2
Q

Important information about specific building can be obtained through ($$$$$$$)

A

Pre incident planning

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3
Q

($$$$$) are general guidelines to be used at all structure fires or fires in similar occupancies.

A

SOPs

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4
Q

($$$$$) address any operation that can be handled using a standard approach.

A

SOPs

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5
Q

The types of property to be protected, resources available, equipment, and training, among other factors, guide the promulgation of ($$$$$)

A

SOPs

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6
Q

Good department ($$$$) and ($$$$) take the guess work out of those first few precious moments on the fire ground.

A

SOPs

Pre incident plans

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7
Q

During large scale operations the IC is faced with numerous complexed decisions, ($$$$$) provi a structure for the decision making process.

A

SOPs

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8
Q

In regards to SOPs, NFPA ($$$$$$$) states :
The fire department shall maintain written policies and standard operating procedures that document the organization structure, membership, roles and responsibility, expected functions, and training requirements,

A

NFPA 15000: standards on fire department occupational safety and health programs

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9
Q

($$$$$) makes a definite statement that training must be commiserate with SOPs.

A

NFPA 1500

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10
Q

($$$$) a statement made that procedures are to be followed, nut that firefighters should follow a reasonable course of action when confronted with a situation in which modification of the procedure is appropriate.

A

Reasonable person clause

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11
Q

If the facility falls under the requirements of Title III of the ($$$$$$$$) then hazardous material planning is mandated by law.

A

SUPERFUND AMENDMENT AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT (SARA)

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12
Q

Establishing ($$$$) is the first step in the size up.

A

SOPs

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13
Q

($$$$$$) is step two of size up.

A

Pre incident planning

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14
Q

Formal pre incident plans include both a ($$$$$) and ($$$$$$).

A

Narrative

Drawings

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15
Q

($$$$$$) are best written in outline form with extremely important information highlighted.

A

Narratives

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16
Q

Pre incident plans take various forms. A pre incident plan that includes both a NARRATIVE and DRAWINGS would be a ($$$$$$$$).

A

Formal pre incident plan

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17
Q

($$$$$$$) outlines the steps involved in developing maintaining, and using a pre incident plan.

A

NFPA 1620: RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR PRE INCIDENT PLANNING

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18
Q

Thre levels or types of pre incident plans:

A

Complex Pre Incident Plans
Formal Pre Incident Plans
Notation

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19
Q

($$$$$). A plan of a property with more than three buildings or when it is necessary to show the law out of the premises and relationship between buildings on site.

A

Complex pre incident plan

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20
Q

($$$$$$) a property with a substantial risk to life and or property. Would include a drawing of the property, specific floor layouts and a narrative describing important features.

A

Formal pre incident plan

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21
Q

A simple ($$$$$$) made about the premises, such as the building has damage from a previous fire.

A

Notation

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22
Q

A fourth category for PRE INCIDENT PLANNING by occupancy could be described as a ($$$$$) or the topic of an ($$$$).

A

Training issue

SOP

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23
Q

Frame buildings built prior to 1940 may be ($$$$$$$)

A

Ballon frame construction

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24
Q

In most areas frame building built later (1940) will be ($$$$$$$)

A

Platform frame construction

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25
Q

Frame structures built before 1940 will NOT have ($$$$$$) roofs.

A

Wood truss

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26
Q

Two types of wood frame construction are ($$$$$) and ($$$$$$)

A

Balloon frame

Platform

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27
Q

In ($$$$$$) the exterior wall studs extend the height of the building instead of stoping at each floor.

A

Balloon frame

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28
Q

In ($$$$$$$) each floor is built as a platform on top of the lower floor, thus creating a barrier at each floor level,

A

Platform

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29
Q

There are excellent examples of pre incident plans in ($$$$$$$$$) of NFPA 1620 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR PRE INCIDENT PLANNING.

A

APPENDIX E

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30
Q

When preparing a pre incident plan, one of the most common errors is ($$$$$$$)

A

Pre assigning companies to respond to specific areas.

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31
Q

As an alternative to computerization, Or as an interim measure while pre incident plans are being converted to on board computer files it may be a good idea to place printout in ($$$$$$$$)

A

Facility lock box

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32
Q

The operational priority list ($$$$$$) provides direction regarding what buildings may need to have pre incident plans.

A

Life safety, extinguishment, property conservation.

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33
Q

($$$$$$$) hazard properties should be given the highest priority for planning.

A

High life

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34
Q

Pre incident planning deals more with potential demand than it does with ($$$$$$$)

A

Realized demand

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35
Q

Building that are generally pre planned, sheathe or not they present a high life safety, extinguishment , or property conservation problem include

A

Buildings protected by fire protection systems.
High rise buildings.
Industrial complexes.

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36
Q

($$$$$) describe a standardized method for addressing predictable circumstances.

A

SOPs

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37
Q

($$$$$) are building specific, while SOPs are general.

A

Pre incident plans

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38
Q

Any building that poses an unusually high risk to firefighters or occupants must be included in the ($$$$$$) process.

A

Pre incident planning

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39
Q

A ($$$$$$$) pre incident plan maybe enough for buildings that have previously been damaged by fire or weather.

A

Notation type

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40
Q

A building with compartments requiring more that ($$$) standard pre connected hose lines, should be pre planned

A

Two

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41
Q

Incident conditions will determine which size up factors are important. These most important factors are known as ($$$$).

A

Primary factors

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42
Q

The initial size up is limited to evaluating ($$$$$)

A

Primary factors

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43
Q

Size up begins before the incident with the development of SOPs and ($$$$$$$$).

A

Pre incident planning.

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44
Q

($$$$$) and ($$$$$$) conditions are directly related to occupant survival and fire fighter safety and are PRIMARY FACTORS at a structure fire.

A

Smoke

Fire

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45
Q

($$$$$$$) is a critical indicator at a structure fire. Occupants inside post flashover compartments have a very low probability of survival.

A

Flashover

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46
Q

Smoke and fire conditions can also provide a warning of an impending ($$$$$$)

A

Backdraft

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47
Q

Experienced ICs learn to evaluate pressure, smoke characteristics, and other factors in determining the intensity of a fire; however, ($$$$$$$) is generally the best way to realistically determine fire intensity when an interior attack is possible.

A

Interior reconnaissance

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48
Q

Smoke and fire conditions will not be known until the time of the fire, but the compartment size and tightness, as well as fuel content provide ($$$$$) indicators of the relative fire potential.

A

Pre fire

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49
Q

($$$$$$$) is the PRIMARY life safety tactic as well as an operational priority.

A

Extinguishment.

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50
Q

($$$$$) is a definite indicator of fire location, but the origin of the fire could be from another location usually below the visible flame.

A

Open flaming

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51
Q

The ($$$$$) of the smoke will be greatest near the main body of fire.

A

Velocity

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52
Q

All of matter including smoke and heat, naturally try to reach ($$$$$$)

A

Equilibrium

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53
Q

In most cases, smoke will go to the ($$$$$) and ($$$$$) opening unless wind conditions reverse the venting.

A

Nearest

Largest

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54
Q

All gases, including fire gases, are governed by the physical properties of gases, which state that a given volume of gas will($$$$$$) as the temperature of the gas increases.

A

Expand

55
Q

If the gas is contained under conditions where expansion is not possible, the heated gas will under go an increased pressure. This can be calculated using the ($$$$$$$).

A

Ideal gas law

56
Q

The ($$$$$) travel upward until reaching a barrier; they will then travel horizontally to fill the top of the compartment, and finally they will travel downward if contained.

A

Products of combustion

57
Q

Fire, heat, and smoke will, therefore travel upward via ($$$$$$), before traveling horizontally or downward.

A

Path of lest resistance

58
Q

($$$$) for life safety involves moving fire away from occupants and firefighters

A

Venting

59
Q

The ($$$$$$$) will determine how likely the building is to be occupied at the time of fire, the number of occupants, the fuel load, value of the contents and many other essential factors.

A

Buildings use

60
Q

Estimating the number of occupants in a large building is difficult at best. However, the buildings intended ($$$$$$$) provides evidence of relative density.

A

Use (occupancy)

61
Q

($$$$$$$) establishes the maximum occupant load per square foot by occupancy type.

A

NFPA 101: LIFE SAFETY CODE

62
Q

($$$$$) person per 100ft Ina an office building (business)

A

One

63
Q

The. NFPA recommends that each home have an evacuation plan following the ($$$$$$$) educational program.

A

Exit Drill in The Home EDITH

64
Q

The only way to be sure a building is evacuated is to conduct a ($$$$$), and even then, firefighters need to verify the search with a secondary search.

A

Primary search

65
Q

Occupancy

A

Buildings primary use

66
Q

In most cases, the people inside a place of ($$$$$) are not familiar with building layout or alternate exit facilities.

A

Public assembly

67
Q

Occupant

A

Person who could be in the building.

68
Q

Occupants are in the building.

A

Occupied

69
Q

Many large, loss of life fire reports in places of assembly address ($$$$$$$$) as a major problem.

A

Unfamiliarity

70
Q

Many public buildings also have ($$$$$$) where immobile occupants wait to be helped.

A

Areas of refuge

71
Q

($$$$$) provide a standard way of going to work at a fire scene.

A

SOPs

72
Q

($$$$$$) is the ICs most important consideration.

A

Safety

73
Q

The ($$$$$$$$) of the operation must constantly be evaluated.

A

Effectiveness

74
Q

This’d facto is evaluated when command is transferred.

A

Adherence to SOPs

75
Q

The ($$$$) generally refers to an area where specified levels of protective clothing is required or possibly a SAFE AREA where no protective clothing is needed.

A

Fire zone

76
Q

The ($$$$$) is set up to keep non response personnel out of the area.

A

Fire perimeter

77
Q

The primary accountability system is ($$$$)

A

NIMS

78
Q

A ($$$$$) incident provides the level of firefighter accountability

A

Properly organized

79
Q

A formal accountability system is required by ($$$$$)

A

NFPA 15000 STANDARD ON FIRE DEPARTMENT SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAMS

80
Q

($$$$$$) requires a rapid intervention crew (RIC)

A

NFPA 15000

81
Q

The size of area to be searched, smoke conditions, rescue methods available, and the conditions of the occupants determine how many crews will be assigned to the ($$$$$).

A

Primary search

82
Q

A through ($$$$) determines whether the operation will be offensive or defensive.

A

Risk versus benefit analysis

83
Q

($$$$) failure of a supporting structure with complete or near complete destruction of the building.

A

Collapse

84
Q

Collapse zone

A

1 1/2 the height of the building

85
Q

When confronted with a well involved fire in a ($$$$) structure, determining the collapse zone is primary factor.

A

Type II

86
Q

During the pre incident planning the building should be classified by ($$$$$$$$)

A

Construction type

87
Q

Type I construction

A

Fire resistive

88
Q

Type II construction

A

Non combustible

89
Q

Type III

A

Ordinary

90
Q

Type IV

A

Heavy timber

91
Q

Type v

A

Frame

92
Q

NFPA 220

A

Standard on types of building constrution

93
Q

NFPA 50000

A

Building construction and Safety Code

94
Q

The ($$$$$$$) building, as the name indicates, is superior to all other building types in regard to structural stability under fire conditions

A

Type I fire resistive

95
Q

Most modern buildings with large open areas will have a ($$$$$$$$) roof

A

Truss

96
Q

The ($$$$$$) is the load imposed on the structural members by the building and permanent attachments.

A

Dead load

97
Q

($$$$$$) are those loads produced by building contents.

A

Live load

98
Q

The obvious ($$$$$) is the weight of the water firefighters discharge into the building during fire operations.

A

Water load

99
Q

Each gallon of water weighs ($$$$)

A

8.33 pounds (3.8kg)

100
Q

A 1000gpm master stream operating into the building is adding (3$$$$$$) to the building each minute.

A

8330 lbs

101
Q

($$$$$$) construction contains fire rated compartments.

A

Fire resistive

102
Q

($$$$$$$$) construction may also have large open area, but the fire resistive qualities between area will generally be INFERIOR to fire resistive barriers.

A

Non commutable type II

103
Q

In a multistory building, the ($$$$$1) provides a barriers between floors.

A

Floor / Ceiling assembly

104
Q

Most buildings ( except for ($$$$$$$)) contain multiple concealed spaces.

A

Heavy timber Type iv

105
Q

($$$$$$$) create a FALSE SPACE where subsequent fire travel can result in fire cutting off fire fighter egress paths.

A

Suspended ceilings

106
Q

Most older buildings will have heavier, more ($$$$$$) construction. However, buildings that have been renovated may ,contain new ($$$$$) in the renovated area.

A

Fire resistive

Light weight construction

107
Q

Rate of flow calculations are based upon the size of the ($$$$$$$).

A

Fire compartment

108
Q

Extinguishment is nearly always a ($$$$$$$) at a working structure fire.

A

Primary factor

109
Q

Once the building is cleared of occupants, the reason for continuing an offensive attack is reduced; therefore a new ($$$$$$$$) should be conducted to determine if an offensive attack should continue.

A

Risk versus benefit analysis

110
Q

($$$$$$$) for extinguishment evolves making openings to PULLL smoke and heat away from the hose crew to support a quick, efficient fire attack.

A

Venting

111
Q

Other parts of the fire building or connected structures are categorized as ($$$$$$).

A

Internal exposures

112
Q

($$$$$) varies as to quantity, types, of fuel, geometric orientation and other factors.

A

Fuel load

113
Q

Fuels identified as ($$$$$$) in sprinkler calculations would generally require more water to extinguish then fires in ordinary combustibles.

A

Extra hazard

114
Q

The big question when calculating ($$$$$$) is weather the standard attack line with a backup line can extinguish expected fires

A

Rate of flow

115
Q

In most cases, a ($$$$$$) should be assigned to each hose line except when the APPARATUS OPERATOR is needed at the pump panel (two members are assigned to the initial RIT) ore wheat there ae more than FIVE people assigned to the apparatus.

A

Full fire company

116
Q

($$$$$$$). These communities are likely to experiences lower press us and lower flows during business hours as demeaned for domestic water increases on a marginal water system.

A

Growing communities

117
Q

($$$$$$$) are likely to have a separate supply that may be connected to automatic fire suppression systems. Some times connecting to these hydrants will have a negative effect on the automatic fire suppression system.

A

Private hydrants

118
Q

Large water systems are often supplied by ($$$$$$$$).

A

Multiple water systems

119
Q

($$$$$$ ) is the third operational priority.

A

Property conservation

120
Q

The best way to reduce smoke damage is to ($$$) the building.

A

Ventilate

121
Q

It has been estimated that it takes a minimum of ($$$$) fire fighters to safely extinguish a working structure fire in a multi level building with a life hazard.

A

11 to 13

122
Q

HIGH HAZARD occupancies require

A

4 pampers
2 ladders
2 chief officers
24 fire fighters

123
Q

MEDIUM HAZARD occupancies require

A

3 pampers
1 ladder
1 chief officer
16 firefighters

124
Q

LOW HAZARD occupancies require

A

2 pampers
1 ladder
1 chief officer
12 fire fighters

125
Q

RURAL OCCUPANCIES require

A

1 pumper with a (500 gal tank)
1 mobile water supply apparatus.
1 chief officer
12 firefighters

126
Q

NFPA 1710

A

Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments.

127
Q

NFPA 1710 a staffing requirement of at least ($$$$) fire personnel are needed on the scene ($$$) if an Arial device is being used.

A

14.

15.

128
Q

($$$$) operations are typically labor intensive.

A

Offensive

129
Q

($$$$$$) operations require fewer firefighters operating and equipment that require large volume water supplies.

A

Defensive

130
Q

($$$$) are staffing intensive, the initial response generally generally provides an adequate number of apparatus.

A

Offensive

131
Q

($$$$$$) are apparatus intensive and require more apparatus for water supply and master streams.

A

Defensive.

132
Q

When all staffing or all apparatus is being used and the incident is not resolved, a ($$$$$$) is needed.

A

Tactical reserve

133
Q

Fire fighter should not attempt to disrupt the power supply in large properties with ($$$$$$) service.

A

High voltage

134
Q

Size up follows a chronological orders.

A
  1. SOPS
  2. Pre incident plan
  3. Shift day time.
  4. Alarm info.
  5. En route.
  6. Visual.
  7. Information gained during operations.
  8. Overhaul.

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