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From Flashcardlet > Structural firefighting 5. > Flashcards

Structural firefighting 5. Flashcards

1
Q

The ($$$$$) has compiled fire fighter fatality statistics for 30 years.

A

NFPA

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2
Q

The annual fire fighter fatality report for the previous year is published each year in the ($$$$$$) edition of the NFPA journal.

A

July August

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3
Q

The annual fire fighter injury report for the previous year is published in the ($$$$$$$) issue of the NFPA Journal

A

November December

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4
Q

The ($$$$), ($$$$$), ($$$$$) and others publish fire investigative reports analyzing individual fires that resulted in fire fighter fatalities.

A

NFPA
NIOSH
USFA

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5
Q

In 1987, the first edition of ($$$$$$) was adopted with subsequent revisions every 5 years

A

NFPA 15000

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6
Q

($$$$$$) provides the requirements for safety measure to be taken at the incident scene. These measures represent the absolute minimum.

A

NFPA 1500

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7
Q

The trend in fire fighter fatalities has ($$$$$) since 1999

A

Improved

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8
Q

Most fire fighters die in ($$$$$) because most structure fires occur in ($$$$$) occupancies.

A

Residential

Residential

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9
Q

In 2005, ($$$$) of all structure fires occurred in residential property ($$$$$$$) total structure fires.

A

78%

396000 of 511000

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10
Q

The risk of a fire fighter being killed is ($$$$$) in a manufacturing occupancy than a residence.

A

Twice

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11
Q

The comparable risk (RESIDENTIAL)is in the range of ($$$$) for store office public assembly and vacant special

A

3:1

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12
Q

Sudden cardiac deaths are responsible for nearly ($$$$) of all fire fighter on duty deaths.

A

Half

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13
Q

When fire ground statistics are analyzed, cardiac deaths remain the most common cause of fire fighter injuries at structure fires, with ($$$$$$) second, followed by crushing injuries and burns.

A

Asphyxiation

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14
Q

Fie fighter deaths by type of duty

A 
Operating at the fire ground 38%
Responding to or returning from alarms 26%
Training 10%
Non fire emergencies 8%
Other on duty 16%
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15
Q

Fire fighter deaths by nature of injury

A 
Sudden cardiac death 42%
Internal trauma 27%
Crushing 6%
Burns 4%
Stroke 3%
Gunshot 0.9%
Electro union 1.3%
Drowning 2%
Other 3%
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16
Q

Nearly ($$$$) of all injuries occur on the fire ground. Nearly ($$$) of all injuries are strains and sprains.

A

50%

50%

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17
Q

Probably, the most important element of the incident safety program is applying ($$$$$$$) to the fire ground operations.

A

Risk management

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18
Q

($$$$$$) specifically address risk management principals to be applied at the incident scene.

A

NFPA 1500

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19
Q

In the past, the time from ignition to flash over was given as 10 minutes. The actual time can vary significantly depending on a number of variables, including the following.

A 
Compartment size. 
Ventilation. 
Ignition source. 
Fuel supply. 
Fuel geometry. 
Distance between fuel cells. 
Heat capacity of the fuel. 
Geometry of the enclosure.
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20
Q

Generally, nor assumption that can be made is that the larger the volume of the enclosure where the fire I’d located, the longer the time required to reach ($$$$$$)

A

Flashover

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21
Q

The ($$$$) consists of fuels provided by the contents and combustible building materials.

A

Fuel load

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22
Q

Fire intensity, burn time, content loads, and construction methods and materials all effect ($$$$$$)

A

Structural stability

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23
Q

The ($$$$$) states that when a heavy volume of fire is burning out of control on two or more floors for 20 minutes or longer, structural collapse should be anticipated. This rule is based on ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION.

A

20 minute rule

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24
Q

NFPA 1500 requires dispatch centers to notify command every ($$$$$) until the fire is knocked down.

A

10 minutes

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25
Q

Several factors must be taken into consideration in evaluating the collapse potential for a building that is under fire attack. These factors fall into two general categories: ($$$$$$) of the building and ($$$$)

A

Pre fire conditions.

Fire conditions

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26
Q

The following PRE FIRE conditions can contribute to a collapse in a building that is heavily involved in fire:

A 
Weight.
Fuel loads. 
Damage. 
Renovations. 
Deterioration. 
Support systems. 
Truss construction.
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27
Q

Signs of structural collapse include but are not limited to the following:

A

Bulging, cracked, or unsupported walls.
Walls leaking water or smoke.
Falling bricks.
Floors holding large volumes of water.
Signs of structural movement, including unusual noises.
Verticals structural members that are out of plumb.

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28
Q

($$$$$$) can result in a sudden increase in heat intensity when fire breaks out of concealment vents.

A

Extension

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29
Q

The ($$$$$$$$) building will normally be masonry or metal on the exterior with light weight metal trusses as a roof structure

A

NON COMBUSTIBLE

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30
Q

Construction features combined with ($$$$$) indicate the most probable type of structural failure.

A

Fire factors

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31
Q

Th only safe collapse zone is on that is equal to the height of the building plus allowances for scattering debris. A good rule of thumb for setting a collapse zone for most buildings is toes tallish an area ($$$$$$) times the height of the fire building.

A

1 1/2

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32
Q

When a defensive stand represents a reasonable risk, positions at the ($$$$$$$) of buildings a normally safer than those on a flat side of a wall.

A

Corners

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33
Q

When total collapse is imminent, collapse zones represent ($$$$$) that no one is permitted to enter regardless of the level of protective clothing.

A

Exclusion zones

34
Q

($$$$$) in all directions beyond the building on fire is a good rule of thumb approximation for the FIRE PERIMETER.

A

Two blocks

35
Q

The structural notability is only minamillay effected during the ($$$$$$$) and early ($$$$$) of the fire.

A

Ignition.

Growth phase.

36
Q

Structural stability is compromised as the fire continues to burn through the growth phase to the ($$$$$$).

A

Fully developed phase.

37
Q

Occupant survival is improbable in a ($$$$$$) compartment.

A

Post flashover.

38
Q

Fires involving the contents of the building are ($$$$$$)

A

Building fires

39
Q

Fires involving actual structural members are considered ($$$$$$$).

A

Structure fires

40
Q

The goal is to arrive prior to ($$$$$) and intervene, thus interrupting the fires progression to ($$$$$$$)

A

Flashover

Flashover

41
Q

NFPA 1221

A

Installation, maintenance, and use of emergency services communications system

42
Q

When the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) is at the communications center, the dispatcher is expected to answer the call from the public in ($$$$$), then dispatch responders within ($$$$$) 95% of the time. For a total of ($$$$$) from call receipt to notifying units.

A

15 seconds
60 seconds
75 seconds

43
Q

NFPA continues with the goal of ($$$$$) to answer the call plus ($$$$) to dispatch units 99% of the time.

A

40 seconds

90 seconds

44
Q

When the PSAP is not at the communications center, ($$$$$) is added to both goals to allow time to answer the call at the remote PSAP and then call the communications center.

A

30 seconds

45
Q

Form ignition until the fire is reported to the PSAP.

A

Pre burn time

46
Q

Form the receipt of the report from the public until fire units are notified.

A

Dispatch time.
NFPA 1221
75 seconds to 105 seconds.

47
Q

From when fire units are notified until apparatus leaves the station.

A

Turnout time
NFPA 1710
1 minute

48
Q

From when the fire unit leaves the station until they arrive at the scene.

A

Response time
NFPA 1710
4 minutes

49
Q

From when fire units arrive at the scene until fire units take effective action.

A

Set up time
NFPA 1720
2 minutes

50
Q

NFPA 1710

A

Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments

51
Q

NFPA1710 set a time objective of ($$$$$) turnout time.

A

One minute

52
Q

($$$$$$) depends on road conditions, terrain, distance, traffic, and other factors.

A

Response time

53
Q

ISO FORMULA

A

1.7 x distance + 0.65 = travel time

54
Q

RAND

A

Average speed of 35mph

55
Q

NFPA 1710 response time goals

A

4 minutes first arriving Engine co.
8 minute full first alarm.
90% achievement.

56
Q

($$$$) is the time necessary to position the apparatus advance the first hose line into the fire area of the building, and apply water.

A

SET UP TIME

57
Q

NFPA 1720 states:
Upon assembling the necessary resources at the scene, the fire department shall have the capability to safely commence an initial attack within ($$$$) of the time.

A

2 minutes 90%

58
Q

NFPA 1410

A

STANDARD ON T RAINING FOR INTIAL EMERGENCY SCENE OPERATIONS.

59
Q

NFPA 1410 sets training goals ranging from ($$$) to ($$$$) minutes to establish a water supply and discharge water through two hose lines.

A

3

6

60
Q

($$$$$$) stipulates a minimum of four fire fighters as an initial crew at a working structure fire.

A

NFPA 15000

61
Q

OSHA regulations require a ($$$$$$$) attack configuration for the initial attack when firefighters enter a fire area but with an imminent life threatening situation exception.

A

Two in/two out

62
Q

NFPA 1710 The initial full alarm assignment shall provide the following:

A
  1. INCIDENT COMMAND out side the hazard area. 1 person.
  2. WATER SUPPLY of a minimum 1520L/min (400gpm) for 30 min. 1 operator.
  3. WATER FLOW 1140L/min (300 gpm) from 2 handlines, each shall have a minimum of 380L/min (100gpm). 2 people per line.
  4. 1 SUPPORT person for each attack and back up line.
  5. 1 victim SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM. 2 people
  6. 1VENTILATION TEAM. 2 people.
  7. 1 AERIAL DEVICE. 1 operator.
  8. IRIC. 2 people.
63
Q

NFPA 1710 A minimum of ($$$$) would be required to staff the identified positions ($$$$) if an aerial device is in use.

A

14.

15.

64
Q

Most fuel load in a structure will be in the form of ($$$$)

A

Solid materials

65
Q

Ordinary solid materials must be pre heated to a point where vapor fuel is released through a process called ($$$$$$$)

A

Pyrolysis

66
Q

If there is suffice not oxygen available when the contained vapor fuels reach ignition temperature a ($$$$$$) occurs.

A

Flashover

67
Q

If there is a lack of oxygen a fire could go into the DECAY PHASE. However, if oxygen is introduced into this superheated and fuel rich atmosphere, a ($$$$$) can occur.

A

Backdraft explosion

68
Q

($$$$$ is the life blood of any command organization.

A

Communications

69
Q

If a situation deteriorates rapidly, the IC calls for a PAR. SOPs generally call for PAR in the following situations :

A

When IC thinks it is necessary.
When the Safety officer Request one.
Change from offensive to defensive attac.
Sudden changes occur backdraft, flashover collapse.
When the entire building has been searched.
When the fire has been extinguished.
Every 10 minutes as per NFPA 1500

70
Q

In high rise fires ($$$$$$) manages the stairs and elevators.

A

Lobby control

71
Q

The ($$$$$$) are the preferred means of access and egress.

A

Interior stairs

72
Q

($$$$$$) would be the SEcoND PREFERRED choice of egress.

A

Fire escapes

73
Q

The ($$$$$$$) should be activated as soon as assistance is needed or thought to be needed.

A

PASS DEVICE

74
Q

In a high rise operation on an upper floor, the RIC should be located ($$$$$$) floors below the fire floor.

A

One or more

75
Q

When ever possible all interior attack lines should attack from the ($$$$$).

A

Same access point.

76
Q

The time between suppression and final ($$$$$$) is an ideal time to rotate personnel through rehabilitation while the building airs out.

A

Overhaul

77
Q

($$$$$$$$) provides guidelines for hot and cold weather rehabilitation.

A

NFPA 1584 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON THE REHABILITATION OF MEMBERS OPERATING AT INCIDENT SCENE OPERATIONS AND TRAINING EXERCISES.

78
Q

Rehabilitation can be divided into three phases.

A

Pre incident hydration and preparation.
Incident rehabilitation.
Post incident recovery.

79
Q

($$$$) is ia sign of mild dehydration; members should not wait until they are thirsty to ingest liquids.

A

Thirst

80
Q

While awaiting calls members should pre hydrate by drinking ($$$$$) every six hours plus liquids that are ingested with meals.

A

6 to 8 ounces

81
Q

Water or sports drink intake should be in the range of ($$$$$) during a 20 minute rehabilitation.

A

12 to 32 ounces

82
Q

The rest period after using two cylinders should be. At least ($$$$$$)

A

20 minutes

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