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From Flashcardlet > Structural firefighting 8. > Flashcards

Structural firefighting 8. Flashcards

1
Q

The objective of an ($$$$$) fire attack is to apply enough water directly tot the burning fuel to achieve extinguishment.

A

Offensive

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2
Q

Calculating the ($$$$$) allows the IC to match the number and size do fire lines to flow requirements.

A

Rate of flow

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3
Q

An ($$$$$) attack is the preferred strategy whenever conditions and resources permit an interior attack.

A

Offensive

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4
Q

A ($$$$$$) limits operations to the exterior, generally resulting in a larger property loss and limiting rescue options.

A

Defensive

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5
Q

The ($$$$$$$$$) decision is based on staffing available to conduct an interior attack, water supply, ventilation, and a risk versus benefit analysis.

A

Offensive versus defensive

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6
Q

In his book FIREFIGHTING PRINCIPALS AND PRACTICES, William e. Clark uses a derivation of the compartment volume in cubic feet divided by ($$$$$).

A

100

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7
Q

In FIRE COMMAND ($$$$$$$$) states, “when the IC is able to apply mo water than the fire can match with heat we win”

A

Alan Brunacini

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8
Q

John Coleman notes that a hose streams extinguishing capability will generally be determined in about ($$$$$$$).

A

30 seconds

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9
Q

The success of the trial and error method is highly dependent on the ($$$$$$) of the standard pre connected hose lines.

A

Flow rate

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10
Q

The ($$$$) method is probably the most common used method in determining flow rate.

A

Trial and error

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11
Q

Royer Nelson:

A

Volume in ft3/ 100= gpm

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12
Q

National fire academy:

A

Area in ft2/ 3 = gpm

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13
Q

Sprinkler calculations

A

Fuel load specific calculations

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14
Q

Lloyd Layman’s INDIRECT ATTACK THEROY is based on the very efficient cooling effect of water being converted to ($$$$$$).

A

Steam

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15
Q

($$$$) involves directing a short blast of water toward the ceiling to reduce the potential for flashover.

A

Pulsing

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16
Q

The purpose of ($$$$) calculations is to determine the size and number of hose lines needed when fire progress beyond the normal room and content residential fire, but when and interior offensive attack is still practical.

A

Rate of flow

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17
Q

The ($$$$$) is based on the premise that the best rate of application is one in which the fire is controlled in 30 seconds.

A

Royer Nelson formula

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18
Q

($$$$$$$) calculated the rate of flow in gallons per minute as the volume of the fire area in cubic feet divided by 1000 (v/100).

A

Royer Neleson formula

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19
Q

The major assumption of Royer Nelson is that structural fires are primarily ($$$$$$$$$$).

A

Oxygen (ventilation) controlled

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20
Q

As the area gets larger and ventilation occurs, the fire becomes ($$$$$$) thus negating the major assumption behind (Royer Nelson) theory.

A

Fuel controlled

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21
Q

($$$$$) controlled fires require less water than a free burning fire.

A

Oxygen (ventilation) controlled

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22
Q

Royer Nelson may understate the need in a ($$$$$)

A

Well ventilated large area fire

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23
Q

The ($$$$$$) will be valid for most fires where an interior attack is advisable.

A

Royer Nelson

24
Q

Th US National Fire Academy developed the ($$$) formula.

A

A/3

25
Q

A article by Royer Nelson recognizes that v/100 is primarily a ($$$$$$)

A

Planning tool

26
Q

One 1 3/4 initial attack configuration a flow of approximately ($$$$$$)

A

125 gpm

27
Q

One 2” attack line with a 1” smooth bore nozzle yields ($$$$$)

A

240 gpm

28
Q

Both ($$$$) and ($$$$$) ignore the fuel load type; this is a substantial weakness in these formulas.

A

Royer Nelson

National Fire Academy

29
Q

Rate of flow should be included in pre incident plans when the size of the largest compartment exceeds the rate of flow established by the department’s ($$$$$$) for the initial attack, including provisions for a backup line.

A

SOP’s

30
Q

There are several sources for SPRINKLER CALCULATIONS including ($$$$) and ($$$$$$)

A

NFPA documents

Factory Mutual Data Sheets

31
Q

A well involved fire in a ventilated area will be controlled by both ($$$$$) and ($$$$$$).

A

Fuel

Oxygen

32
Q

The ($$$$$$$) formula for rate of flow is based on the area of involvement rather then the volume of the enclosure.

A

US NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY

33
Q

Most fires can be controlled with less than ($$$$$) during the IGNITION PHASE.

A

1 gpm

34
Q

When using ($$$$$) to estimate the rate of flow, a percentage modifier can be used to reduce the fire area being calculated.

A

A/3

35
Q

When using ($$$$$) calculate the flow for the entire compartment. The percentage modifier does not apply.

A

V/100

36
Q

($$$$$$) rate of flow calculations are most accurate, as they are based on actual fire experience and consider the important factors of area involvement and fuel load.

A

Sprinkler

37
Q

NFPA 1142

A

STANDARD ON WATER SUPPLIES FOR SUBURBAN AND RURAL FIRE FIGHTING

38
Q

($$$$$$$) rate of flow calculations are not suitable for on scene use unless the pre incident plan identifies flow requirements.

A

Sprinkler

39
Q

A close look at Royer Nelson and US NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY rate of flow calculations shows that the ($$$$$$$$$) system yields higher rate of flow in most situations.

A

US NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY.

40
Q

If fuel load is heavy in terms of total volume an or fuel type ($$$$$$$) would be preferred,

A

Sprinkle

41
Q

When confronted with a fire that is beyond control of two standard pre connect hose lines and where the fire flow has not been pre planned, the ($$) formula may be easier to apply.

A

A/3

42
Q

R/N assumes an ($$$$$) efficiency in getting water on the burning fuel. Flow should be sufficient to knock down the fire in 30 seconds.

A

80%

43
Q

When the average hose lay exceeds ($$$$), it would be wise to use 2” or larger pre connects to compensate for the additional friction loss.

A

250’

44
Q

It is best to use ($$$$$$) to determine the a Tula friction loss in the hose carried on department apparatus.

A

Calibrated pressure gauges

45
Q

One of the advantages of the pre connected hose line is establishing a standard ($$$$$$$$) which eliminates the need to calculate hydraulics at the incident scene.

A

Pump discharge pressure

46
Q

NFPA 14 requires that a sign be posted, usually at the main control valve, stating the location of the two most ($$$$$) hose connections with the designed flow and pressure at these connections.

A

Hydraulically remote

47
Q

Pump discharge pressure is usually set at ($$$$$) for automatic nozzles.

A

150 to 200 psi

48
Q

Stand pipe outlets with a residual pressure exceeding 100 psi or a static pressure of 175 psi are required to be equipped with ($$$$$$$$).

A

Pressure ducking valves

49
Q

Even when the aerial ladder is positioned at the ideal location close to the building, the portable stand pipe operation will be limited to to the ($$$$) floor, which is the optimum reach of a 100’ aerial ladder.

A

Eighth

50
Q

Offensive fire attacks are normally described as ($$$$),($$$$), or ($$$$$).

A

Indirect
Direct
Combination

51
Q

The ($$$$) attack is preferred in most situations.

A

Direct

52
Q

Class A fuels must be vaporized by heating the solid materials until combustion vapors are emitted; this is known as ($$$$$$).

A

Pyrolysis

53
Q

($$$$$) the enclosure is the safest, most effective way of preventing ($$$$$).

A

Flashover

54
Q

Fires can extend vertically up the exterior of the building form windows or oter openings on the fire floor. All of these would be classified as ($$$$$).

A

Internal exposures

55
Q

Fire can extend to adjacent buildings as well. These are ($$$$$$).

A

External exposures

56
Q

In situations in which flows in excess of ($$$$$) are anticipated from a single pumper or for extremely long relay lines over ($$$$) is it sometimes necessary to place another PUMPER IN A LDH water supply layout.

A

1000gpm

700’

From Flashcardlet (110 decks)

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