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From Flashcardlet > Brannigan 10 > Flashcards

Brannigan 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) losses about 25 % of it compressive strength at about (**) and 75% of its strength at about (****) (these temperatures are in the concrete not the ambient temperatures).

A

575F

11007F

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2
Q

High Strength Concrete (HSC) permits the use of thinner structural members, an economic advantage. HSC losses MORE strength than NCS in the same temperature ranges.In addition, in the (**) range, HSC can spall explosively, breaking off big chucks.

A

575F to 1200F

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3
Q

The tendons of press stressed concrete are particularly vulnerable, because they totally lose their tensile strength at (****).

A

800F

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4
Q

From a fire protection perspective, (**) construction is considered the best. It is the type of construction most resistant to collapse and does not contribute fuel to the fire.

A

Fire resistive

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5
Q

(***) is a cementatious material produced by a chemical reaction of Portland cement and water to which inert material called aggregates are added.

A

Concerte

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6
Q

Concret sets into a solid mass, but continues to cure (***)

A

indefinitely

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7
Q

Concrete required to reach design strength in 28 days is sometimes referred to as (***)

A

28 day concrete

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8
Q

Reinforced concrete is a (**) material. Any failure of the bond between the two materials means the composite has failed.

A

composite

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9
Q

Concrete is weak in (**) strength, and has poor (**) resistance.

A

tensile

shear

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10
Q

Fire derive personnel should avoid the common error of using the term (***) when concrete is the proper term.

A

cement

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11
Q

Cement is a component of (**)

A

concrete

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12
Q

Precast concrete was principally in the form of (***)

A

cinder blocks

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13
Q

(**) use cinder as the aggregate to produce light, relatively inexpensive block.

A

cinder blocks

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14
Q

Heavier concrete plucks usually have a (****) than cinder blocks.

A

smoother surface

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15
Q

(8888888) are concrete blocks produced under Underwriters Laboratories classification.

A

Underwriters blocks

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16
Q

There have been several cases where substantial brick veneer was lost from a reinforced concrete building. (*******) concrete tends to shrink but the brick veneer does not.

A

high early strenght

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17
Q

The problems that fire department face regarding concrete construction can be divided into three distinct areas:

(****)

(***)

(***)

A

collapse during construction with no fire

fire during construction

fire in completed, occupied buildings

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18
Q

There are two basic types of in concrete construction:

***

A

Cast in Place concrete

Precast concrete

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19
Q

(***) includes plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and POST tensioned concrete.

A

Cast in place concrete

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20
Q

(***) includes plain concrete, reinforced concrete,a and PRE TENSIONED concrete.

A

pre cast concrete

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21
Q

(**) this is material mixed with cement to make concrete. are both fine and course.

A

Aggregatte

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22
Q

(***) this concrete is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain.

A

Cast in place concret

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23
Q

(**) THis is the process of placing the fluid concrete into molds, generally called forms, in which the concrete is permitted to harden into a certain shape.

A

Casting

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24
Q

(***) THes are small devices designed to keep the rods up off the surface of the form, so concrete will flow underneath the rods.

A

Chairs

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25
Q

(88888888) The columns use steel and concrete combined into one unit.

A

Composite and combination columns

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26
Q

(****) were formally used on lower floors of a heavy duty building to avoid surrendering floor space to large diameter concrete columns made soley of reinforced concrete.

A

Composite columns

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27
Q

The term (**) is often used to describe buildings in which different load bearing materials are used in different areas, such as exterior columns being made of concrete and interior columns constructed of steel.

A

composite construction

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28
Q

The term (****) properly refers to only an apartment built on a roof.

A

penthouse apartment

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29
Q

Apartments on lower floors that have terraces are properly called (**)

A

terrace apartments

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30
Q

(*******) This is a process for casting or pouring concrete without interruption from start to finish.

A

Continuous casting

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31
Q

(*******) This entails pouring concrete continuously as forms move upward so that continuous casting maybe accomplished.

A

continuos slipforming

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32
Q

(**) THes are thicker sections of floor near columns to assist in resisting the natural tendency of the floor to shear off at the column.

A

Drop panels

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33
Q

(**) A cast in place floor in which there are no beams supported buy columns: the floor plate itself rest directly on the columns.

A

Flat plate structural system (or continuous beam)

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34
Q

(***) these are thick concrete pads, usually heavily reinforced, that transfer the loads of piers or columns to the ground.

A

Footings

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35
Q

(***) These are steel pipes filled with concrete to increase their load carrying capacity.

A

Lally columns

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36
Q

(***) THis type of construction in which the columns are erected to their full height. Then the first floor slab is cast on the ground. Each subsequent floor then the roof slab is cast, one directly on top of the other.

A

Lift slab

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37
Q

(**) A method in which all the concrete in a building is properly bonded together. The resulting structure can be likened to one piece of stone.

A

Monolithic construction

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38
Q

(***) these ar tapered extensions at the tops of colums that asset in transfer of loads from floor to column.

A

Mushroom caps

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39
Q

Columns in heavy duty construction may show both (**) and (*****).

A

mushroom caps

drop panels

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40
Q

(**) This term refers to concrete that has no reinforcement , except possibly light reinforcement to resist temperature changes.

A

Plain concret

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41
Q

(***) These ar process by which steel rods are placed under tension, drawing the anchors together. the tensioned steel places the concrete in compression.

A

Pretensioning and post tensioning

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42
Q

(888888888) This concrete has been cat in a location other than where it iks to remain.

A

Pre cast concrete

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43
Q

(*******) This a composite material made of steel and concrete.

A

Reinforced concrete

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44
Q

Steel provides the (**) that concrete lacks.

A

tensile strength

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45
Q

(**) These are steel bars or rods that are usually intentionally deformed. It would be more accurate to call the “tension rods”

A

Reinforcing bars or rods

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46
Q

(**) this is a technique by which forms are moved, usually upward, as the concrete is poured.

A

Slipforming

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47
Q

(***) This term describes the loss of surface material when cornet (or stone) is subjected to heat.

A

Spalling

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48
Q

(***) these are thin rods installed near the surface of the concrete, usually at right angles to the main reinforcing rods, to help the concrete resist cracking due to temperature changes.

A

temperature rods

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49
Q

(8**) This system incorporates floors that have beams running in two directions

A

two way structural system

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50
Q

A chief virtue of concrete is its high (**) strength and low (****)

A

high

cost

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51
Q

A short column with a large cross section in proportion to its length is called a (***)

A

pier

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52
Q

The (**) of steel is many times that of concrete.

A

compressive

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53
Q

THe signs of post tensioned concrete construction:
(**)
()
(*****)

A

protruding cables
coils of tendons
characteristic anchors

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54
Q

The rods in a column are joined by lateral enforcement’s called (***)

A

ties

hoops

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55
Q

In round columns the ties connecting the outer rods are often formed in a (***). Such reinforcement is wrongly termed spiral reinforcement.

A

helix

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56
Q

Plain concrete is strong in (**), weak in () and does not have any (**) strength

A

compression

shear

tensile

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57
Q

WHen a beam is loaded it (**). THis (*****) brings about compression in the top of the beam and tension in the bottom of the beam.

A

deflects

deflection

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58
Q

In a (****) the tension is in the top of the beam, and thus reinforcing tension rods are placed at the top of the beam.

A

cantilever

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59
Q

In a (***) beam supported at more than two points, there is tension in the top of the beam in the area over the tops of the columns and tension in the bottom of the beams between the columns.

A

continuous

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60
Q

Vertical reinforcing bars in concrete beams designed to prevent cracking under shear stress are called (***)

A

stirrups

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61
Q

the characteristic (***) design in which the neutral plane coincides with the bottom of the wide, thin floor slab.

A

T beam

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62
Q

(***) are floor slab and beam combinations with two beams.

A

Double T’s

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63
Q

For any unit area steel has (*****) times the compressive strength of concrete. Steel is however more expensive.

A

15

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64
Q

(*******) were used in early efforts to lighten concrete floors by eliminating concrete below the neutral plane.

A

hollow tiles

65
Q

In heavy construction (**) and (*) are used at columns to cope with high SHEAR stresses

A

mushroom caps

drop panels

66
Q

In a (****) structural system beams run in one direction.

A

one way

67
Q

(****) systems have beams running in two directions

A

two way

68
Q

In so called (**), a ttwo way structural system, closeey set beams at right angles to one another, and unnecessary concrete informed out.

A

waffle concrete

69
Q

When concrete floors are cast onto corrugated steel the steel is a (***)

A

left in place form

70
Q

When precast (***) units are used, additional concrete is often cast in place on top of the units, which are left rough on the top to ensure a bond.

A

T beam

71
Q

(*******) concerete floors have cylindrical openings cast lengthwise through the units to remove unnecessary weight and to provide channels through which building utility service can run.

A

precast cored

72
Q

Some one hour rated designs of wood floors include a light weight concrete topping as much as (**) inches thick. THis retards the passage of heat through the floor and delays the temperature rise on the unexposed surface, a condition of the (*****) fire resistance standard.

A

1 and 1 1/2

NFPA 251 (ASTM E 119)

73
Q

(**) floors require special attention in a fire. THe insulating concrete may deceive fire fighters above as tot he fire below their feet.

A

concrete on wood

74
Q

Concrete floors in cast in place, concrete framed buildings are cat integral columns, providing a (***) ridged framed building.

A

monolythic

75
Q

(**) places engineered stress in architectural and structural concrete to offset stress that occur in the concrete when it is placed under load.

A

prestressing

76
Q

Special high strength, cold drawn steel cables, similar to those used fior suspension bridges, or alloy steel bars are commonly used. In building construction they are technically known as (**), but are called () or (*) by those working with them.

A

tendons

strands

cables

77
Q

High tensile strength wire, ordinarily used for prstressing, is more sensitive to high temperatures than structural steel. there is virtually complete loss of prestress at (***).

A

800F

78
Q

THere are two methods of prestressing: (**) and (*****).

A

pretensioning

post tensioning

79
Q

(**) is done in a plant. Hight tensile strength steel stands are stretched tightly between ends of a form. Concrete is then poured in the form. As the concrete sets it bonds to the tensioned steel.

A

Prestressing

80
Q

(**) is done on the job site. High tensile steel strand wires or bars, encased in plastic or paper tubing, or wrapped to prevent any adhesion between steel and concrete, are positioned in the forms. After the concrete is set and reaches a specified strength the steel tendons are stretched and ached at the ends of the unit. Technically this is called (**)

A

post tensioning

Stressing the tendons

81
Q

If the concrete is poured after the cables are tensioned then it is (***).

A

pretensioned

82
Q

If the concrete is poured before the cables are tensioned then it is (**)

A

post tensioned

83
Q

THere is an economic limit to the height of an ordinary brick bearing wall building. THis exists because of the requirement that the wall increases in thickness as the buildings height increases. THe limit is generally about (**) stories. THere are brick bearing wall buildings s tall as (**).

A

6

16

84
Q

IN recent years, it has become possible to build brick bearing wall buildings as tall as (**) oor more stories, with no wall thicker than (**) inches.

A

20

12

85
Q

Reienforced masonry is unsuitable for multistory buildings in which(***) are required, but can be used in buildings where multiple interior walls are acceptable.

A

large clear spans

86
Q

In low rise buildings up to about 70 feet, some recent designs have eliminated (****) in the wall.

A

reinforced

87
Q

High compressive strength bricks and special mortar are used……..TOgether with precast concrete floors integrated into the building by the sue of wet joints, these materials can produce a masonry bearing wall building several stories high with no wall thicker than (**) inches

A

eight

88
Q

Some experts have warned of the collapse hazard of concrete structures. They argue that design engineers should use construction loads as (*******) governing loads in structures.

A

governing

89
Q

(****) is the temporary structure erected to support concrete work in the cours of construction. It is composed of SHORES, FORMWORK, and LATERAL bracing.

A

False work

90
Q

(*******) is the mold that shapes stye concrete.

A

Forem work

91
Q

(****) are members that support the form work.

A

shores

92
Q

Formwork can represent (*****) of the cost of a concrete structure.

A

60%

93
Q

With formwork, the builder hopes to contain a fluid load that can provide a head pressure of up to (****) pounds per square foot for each foot of height.

A

150

94
Q

(***) for wall or columns must have adequate strength to resist the tremendous pressure of the heavy fluid concrete.

A

false work

95
Q

THe setting of concrete is temperature dependent: cold weather slows it down. Concrete that is poured at 50F will develop a (****) more pressure than at 70F.

A

third

96
Q

Some shores are set back in place in order to help carry the load of the still curing concrete. This is called (**)

A

re shoring

97
Q

Many collapses involve (**) supporting newly cat floors.

A

formwork

98
Q

Often, formwork rest on the ground, sometimes on unconsolidated back fill. The planks on which the shores rest are called (***) If water liquifies the soil and turns it to mud , the bearing may be inadequate.

A

mudsills

99
Q

Any concrete formwork failure presents the likelihood for catastrophic collapse, though the potential is even more pronounced in the case of (****) concrete.

A

post tensioned

100
Q

the (***) for post tensioned concrete are laid out on the formwork, before the concrete is poured.

A

tendons

101
Q

(****) resistance of POSqT tensioned slabs is poor.

A

shear

102
Q

Precast concrete buildings under construction are unstable until all connection are complete. Temporary bracing, Such as (****) or cables hold units in place.

A

tormentors

103
Q

(*******) adjustable poles set diagonally.

A

tormentors

104
Q

In (****) construction, the ground floor slab is cast first. The other floor slabs and the roof are cat on top of the ground floor slab.

A

Lift slab

105
Q

Concrete buildings (***) can present serious fire problems. Fire in formwork can easily result in major collapse with potential for massive life loss. there is little reserve strength in formwork.

A

under construction

106
Q

By far the most dangerous, and the most common heating method is the use of (***)

A

liquefied petroleum gas LPG

107
Q

An (***) should be installed. Such a valve senses a sudden increased flow, as from a broken line, and shuts off the gas, preventing tragedy.

A

excess flow valve.

108
Q

Possible post tensioned structures include () and (**)

A

bridges

parking garages

109
Q

(**) concrete presents a greater catastrophic collapse hazard during a fire than conventional reinforced concrete.

A

post tensioned

110
Q

Hanging tendons can act as heat conductors and will fail at about (***)

A

800F

111
Q

THe core cutter or concrete blade should never be used to open a hole in a known or suspected (***) floor

A

post tensioned

112
Q

Tendons are cold drawn steel and fail at (*****)

A

800F

113
Q

In a fire it is vital that any exposed steel connected to (****) be cooled immediately for the duration of the fire.

A

stressed tendons

114
Q

Columns are usually braced by telescoping tubular steel braces (****)

A

tormentors

115
Q

(***) false work is often used to support horizontal elements until connections are made.

A

wooden

116
Q

Cold drwn steel cables often provide (**) bracing in precast buildings

A

diagonal

117
Q

The matter of concrete failure can not wait until (****) is set up at a fire or the building department is called. The disaster may involve the first arriving units making a conventional attack.

A

command structure

118
Q

In evaluating the potential for fire in a concrete building, the first determination should be whether the building was (**)

A

intended to be fire resistive.

119
Q

A non combustible lightweight concrete building can have a light weight, (**), or unprotected (*****), truss roof.

A

wooden gusset plate

steel bar joist

120
Q

Fire department should be aware of combustible (***) and the possibility of vertical extension.

A

surface finishes

121
Q

Steel is fire proofed by one of several systems. Steel qualifies for fire resistance rating if the protection system previously passed a standard fire test (**)

A

NFPA 251/ ASTM E 119

122
Q

Steel that has been fireproofed is know as (***)

A

protected steel

123
Q

Fire proofing of steel is classified as (**) or (***)

A

individual

membrane

124
Q

Steel is encased in a structure such as concrete, terra cotta, metal lath and plaster, brick, gypsum board. THis method is called (**)

A

encasement

125
Q

In another method fire proofing is applied directly to steel usually by spraying. Materials used in this method include an (**) coating containing non combustible fibers that swell and char when exposed to flame and (*****) coatings.

A

intumescent

cementatious

126
Q

(****) fireproofing does not protect individual members.

A

membrane

127
Q

The original designers of ASTM E 119 test did not envision assembly that provides a (***) in every floor. Or un protected columns passing through the truss loft.

A

void truss loft (like a cockloft)

128
Q

Do not fail to examine the (****) early on when seeking an unknown source of smoke.

A

ceiling void

129
Q

There are no (****) requirement that the membrane protection be maintained.

A

legal

130
Q

THe term (****) is used quite often in the fire protection and building construction fields. By itself it is non specific and therefore meaningless.

A

fire rated

131
Q

THe addition of (*****) that is not part of the specifications of the listed dealing assembly, particularly in roof and ceiling assembly can siqnicantly affect the fire performance of the assembly.

A

insulation

132
Q

A membrane protection system must (***)

A

perfect

133
Q

Some code provisions provide for fire stopping, particularly along (**) or (888888). and around columns, but the use of the (***) for various services makes it probable that the fire stopping will only continue to conform to the definition of legal fire stopping.

A

demising walls

tenant boundaries

plenum space

134
Q

Fire proof in is provided to meet the standards required by the (**)

A

local building code

135
Q

THe efficiency of fireproofing depends on the competence of the (**) and the willingness of the (*) to demand quality work.

A

subcontractor

builder

136
Q

Terra cotta tile was an early method used for (***)

A

encasement

137
Q

An error in encasement was to leave the bottom web of beams unprotected. After a number of failures, this error was corrected by the development of tiles that were shaped to fit around steel. THese tiles called (***) below beams are easily removed to access the beams during alterations,

A

Skew backs

138
Q

(***) has the advantage of being the most permanent of fireproofing because it is so difficult to remove.

A

concrete

139
Q

THe fire proofing of steel and concrete beams is (****); that means it is accomplished by a specified mix of concrete in a specified thickness.

A

integral

140
Q

THe disadvantage of concrete is its (***)

A

weight

141
Q

THe search for lighter fireproofing led to various (**)

A

sprayed on coatings

142
Q

Encasement systems of gypsum board on wire lath and plaster were developed to save (***)

A

weight

143
Q

(**) concrete spalls badly when exposed to fires.

A

Sprayed

144
Q

Ensuring that the material is applied at (**) is another problem with sprayed on coatings.

A

specified thickness and density

145
Q

(**) fire proofing is under attack on another front it is a serious health hazard in its use. It is difficult if not impossible to sell a building with (**) fire proofing.

A

Asbestos fiber

146
Q

Deteriorated cocrete, spalling that exposes reinforcing rods, and cracks in concrete that can admit corrosive moisture to the reinforcing rods are indications that the building is under (***)

A

distress

147
Q

Parking garages where salt is used to melt snow and ice are particularly vulnerable to (*******)

A

corrosion

148
Q

Rehabilitation of concrete has included removal and replacement, instillation of (*******) protection, and using addition steel beams to shorten the span of concrete slabs.

A

cathodic

149
Q

If steel cables are used failure will occur below (***)

A

800F

150
Q

One of the advantages of (**) is that it has no inherent voids.

A

concrete

151
Q

Concrete structures represent a massive (**) compared to other structures. THis is beneficial because every BTU that heats the concrete is one less available to support the fire. Howerver (**) from the concrete can seriously affect the fire suppression forces.

A

heat sink

heat fed back

152
Q

In an modern office building, with its huge communications and other utility requirements, as much as (****) of the height from floor to ceiling may be in ceiling or under floor voids.

A

one third

153
Q

If the building is (****) it is assumed that the floor will be a barrier to the extension of fire.

A

fire resistive

154
Q

(***) shinks, and the shrinkage may create large cracks.

A

concrete

155
Q

Most imitation concrete panels are made of a (**) with (***)

A

steel framework

Asbestos millboard

156
Q

Energy conservation has brought about the use of (***) that give the building the appearance of sand finished concrete.

A

exterior insulation and finish (EIFS)

157
Q

THe concrete in fire resistive construction serves two purposes—–it (**) and (*) of the steel from fire.

A

resist compressive stress

protects the tensile strength

158
Q

A (*******) building is resistant to collapse because this type of building has a ridged frame, the loss of a column does not necessarily cause collapse. The load will be redistributed and other columns, if they are not overloaded, will be sufficiently strong to carry the load.

A

cast in place monolithic concrete

159
Q

The possible effect of explosion in (***) should be evaluated where such possibilities exist. Such buildings have none of the redundancy that a characterizes stye ridged framed monolithic building.

A

precast pinned building.

From Flashcardlet (110 decks)

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