fire officer 17 Flashcards
A (**) must be conducted to determine how the fire started. This is done once the fire is extinguished and before the property is turned back over to the owner.
preliminary investigation
The (****) is responsible for conducting the preliminary investigation, as well as completing the NIFIRS documents or the local equivalent reports.
incident commander
The first goal is to determine weather a formal fire investigation is needed. The (**) provides criteria for requesting and investigator.
authority having jurisdiction AHJ
Any fire that results in a serious injury or fatality meets the criteria for a (***). Any fire that appears to be arson or related to a criminal act also meets the criteria.
formal investigation
The legal responsibility for conducting fire investigations is defined by (***)
state legislation or regulations
In situations where there is no formal investigation and a fire investigator does not respond to the scene to determine the cause and origin, the (***) is responsible for determining and reporting the fire cause.
incident commander
The fire officer should be able to determine a (*****) and a cause, or probable cause, of most fires.
point of origin
A qualified investigator has specialized training in determining the cause and origin of fires and, in most cases, is certified in accordance with (****)
NFPA 1033
A fire investigators primary responsibility is to develop a properly (*****) to be forwarded to the prosecutor.
documented case
It is a good practice to (***) whenever the facts do not seem to make sense or there is a compelling reason to know the exact cause of the fire.
request an investigator
The (*****) is the exact physical location where a heat source and a fuel come in contact with each other.
point of origin
The (*****) is usually determined by examination of fire damage and fire pattern evidence at the fire scene.
point of origin
The investigator usually starts in the area where the (*****) and follows the patterns back toward the area of greatest fire damage.
least amount of damage
Determining the Point OF Origin requires analysis of information from four sources:
1 the physical marks or fire patterns left by the fire
2 the observations reported by persons who witnessed the fire or are aware of conditions present at the time of the fire.
3 Analysis of physics and chemistry of fire initiation, development, and growth as an instrument to related known or hypothesized fire conditions …..
4 noting the location where electrical arching as caused damage, as well as the electric circuit involved.
An (*****) is a luminous discharge of electricity from one object to another, typically leaving a blackening of objects in the immediate area.
electrical arc
To determine the point of origin the fire officer must understand () and ().
fire growth
development
Three methods of heat transfer.
conduction
convection
radiation
THe fire follows the same growth pattern as the smoke and heat,(*****)
rising towards the ceiling, spreading out, and banking down
If the fire does not have a fresh supply of oxygen, the fire slowly dies down to a (****), This may occur before or after flash over has occuried.
smoldering phase
A flaming fire produces a plume of smoke, heat, and flame. As a fire burns up against a wall, it spreads up and out, creating a (**) pattern.
V or U shaped pattern
THe origin of fire is typically at the base of thr (**) pattern
V or U shaped pattern
V or U shaped patter this typeof pattern is aloso known as a (****) pattern becasuse it allows the fire officer to trace the fire and smoke patterns back to the orign.
movement
THe (***0 pattern indicates how much heat (energy) was transferred tot he surrounding area and objects.
intensity pattern
the (****) is indicated by the response of various matterials to the fires rate of heat release and heat flux.
intensity
The intensity may produce a (**), which can indicate the closets point to where the greatest amount of heat was produced.
line of demarcation
THe analysis of (**) is closely related to the fire intensity pattern.
char
(****) is the blackened remains of carbon based materials after it has been burned.
char
the depth of (*****) can assist in determining the direction of fire spread.
char
generally the deeper the (**) the longer the fire burned and therefore the closer to the area of orgin.
char
Depth of char can be influenced by several factors, including () anf the (), so deep chaiing can occur in locations that are remote from the area of origin.
different types of wood
fires intensity
THe (*****) refers to the particulars set of circumstances and factors that were necessary for the fire to have occurred.
cause
the casus determination can be approached in three steps process.
The firest step is to determine the source of ignition
THe second step is to determine the fuel that was first ignited
The third step is to determine the circumstances or human actions that allowed the ignition source and the fuel to come together resulting in fire
(***) provides a systematic and scientific process. It is not sufficient to identify and focus of the possible cause that fits the circumstance that ewere noted. the fire officer or fire investigator must eliminateany alternative theriores or explinations.
nfpa 921
After all investigative possibilities have been exhausted, if there is still more than two potential causes, the cause of the fire is considered (**)
undetermined
The (****) is the energy source that caused the material to ignite.
source of ignition
The source of ignition must have been located at or near the (***)
point of origin
If the equipment that provided the source of ignition was a cigarette lighter, for example, the form of the heat of ignition would be an (****)
open flame
A competent ignition source has three components:
1 generation
- transmission
- heating
(***) The ignition source must produce sufficient heat energy to raise the fuel to its ignition temperature.
generation
(*******) Sufficent heat energy must be transmitted from the source to the fuel to raise the fuel to its ignition temperature.
transmission
Heat can be transferred through (*****)
conduction convection or radiation
(****) THe heat transfer from the source to the fuel continue long enough for the fuel to be heated to its ignition temperature.
heating
The (****) first ignited refers to the nature of the material itself.
type of material
The (***) tells how the material is used
form of material
The third important factor in determining the cause of a fire is the (***) that brought together the source of ignition an fuel
sequence of events
(***) is a logical, systematic examination of an item, component, assembly, or structure and its place or function within a system, conducted in order to identify and analyzie the probability, causes, and consequences of potential and real failures.
Failure analysis
If the cause of the fire is determined to be related to some malfunction that occurred within a device or system, (****) is preformed to identify what happened and why.
failure analysis
the (****) could identify a design error, malfunctioning component, inadequate maitinance, operator error, or some other factor.
failure analysis
(***) is the scientific process of examining a fire occurance to determine all the relevant facts, including the origin, cause, and subsequent development of fire, as well as determining the responsibility for what ever occurred.
Fire Analysis