Brannigan 6 Flashcards
Wood is (888888888), As it burns its structural strength is lost. Unless the fire is checked, at some point gravity will act and a collapse will result.
combustible
Wood construction creates (*****) in which fire can hide and burst out.
Combustible void spaces.
Wood in thin sections, has a (*****) flames spread.
very rapid
The term WOOOD FRAMED is typical of the imprecise terminology common in the building field. A (**) building is usually understood to be a building with a skeleton of beams and columns, in which the walls are just CURTAIN WALLS
framed
(****) these types of wall are non load bearing; they carry no weight other than their own weight and are installed only to keep out the weather.
curtain walls
(***) indicate a structure where the in tire structural load is carried on the walls.
wall bearing
The (***), which is usually refered to as a framed building, is actually a wall bearing building that carries the load of the structur and contents.
wooden walled building
(****) to cut off the corners of a timber to retard ignition.
chamfer
(*****) Lumber with tongues and groves at the end.
End matched
(****) In the construction trade, this typically refers to laminated timbers. In this text, it refers to wood modified from its natural state.
Engineered wood
(****) Planks glued together from a solid timber.
Glued laminated timbers
(****) lumber that is eight inches or more in its smallest dimension.
Heavy timber
(****) floor beams.
joist
(****) wood that has been sawn and planned.
Lumber
(**) Tongue and grooved lumber(usually lengthwise).
Matched lumber
(****) is made up of layers of stands of wood cut from logs, with a fairly constant width to length ratio. Is said to have less expansion from moisture.
oriented strand board OSB
Oriented strand board is available in sizes larger than (*****)
4 feet X 8 feet
(***) layers of wood veneer laid in different directions, glued together under pressure.
Plywood
(*****) Lumber that is left sawn on all four sides.
Rough lumber
(****) Wooden strips that fit into grooves in two adjacent planks to make a tight floor.
Splines
(**) Columns in framed buildings, usually nominal 2x4 or 2x6.
Studs
(**) A hard fibrous material forming the major part of trees. It is usually milled or other wise processed for construction
Wood
(****) Narrow, rough strips of wood nailed to studs
Wood lath
(****) is a thin groved bord used for ceilings and wall panels.
wood wainscoting
(*****) are used to form large cross sections, longer lengths, curved shapes, or any combination of these.
Glued laminated timbers
Fire departs should drill on (****)
Clear the building
Wood is used to carry the major structural load in many types of building construction. These include:
(x6)
log cabin post and frame ballon frame platform frame plank and beam truss frame
platform frame and plank and beam are sometimes allied (**)
western framing
(***) Such a building has an identifiable frame or skeleton of timber fitted together. Joints are constructed by MORTISE AND TENON ( socket and tongue), fitted together to transfer loads properly. They are pinned with wooden pegs called trunnels.
Post and frame
(****) a new England term for tree nail.
trunnel
In the 1920s, many ballon frame houses were built with the exterior finished to resemble post and frame construction. They were called (****) style homes.
English Tudor
(****) started in 1833. Augustine Taylor, a Chicago carpenter erecting St marys church at Fort Dearborn, is credited with hitting upon the idea.
Ballon frame
In a (*****) , the studs run two or more stories high for the foundation to the eave line.
balloon frame
THe smaller vertical shrinkage associated with (**) structure contrast with the greater horizontal shrinkage potential of () construction.
balloon frame
platform frame
In a fire in a combustible structure it is best to assume that no (***) was installed.
fire stopping
(*****) are often the culprit for starting fires in the walls of balloon frame buildings.
plumbers
The (*****) of a balloon framed building is often the worst place for a fire to start.
basement
Fire moving up or down through exterior stud channels can often best be stopped by removing siding from outside at the (**), and (***) lines.
second floor line
eave and foundation
Consider designating a (***), a fire officer whose function is to observe the building on all sides, watching for signs of fire spread such as blistered paint, smoke from eaves, a sudden increase in the volume of smoke,
Extension sector
In (**) construction the first floor is built as a platform. This means that the sub flooring is laid on the joist, and the frame for the first floor walls is erected on the first floor.
platform frame
(**) stories are typically the limit for platform frame construction.
Three
In a (*****) building, there is structural continuity from top to bottom.
balloon frame
In the (****) building there is no continuity form top to bottom.
platform frame
There is one common verticle means of fire spread in booth ballon frame and platform frame buildings: the (****) In a single family home this is the quickest way for smoke and heat to rise to the top of the home.
open stairwell.
Another common construction feature provides a bypass for fire, and from a fire protection point of view, converts platform frame building into a balloon frame building. (*****)
soffits
(****) false spaces above built in cabinets usually in a kitchenor in the undersides of stairways and projecting eaves, provide a connection, generally without a firestop, between wall and joist space.
soffits
Ina ballon frame building the problem with an attack limited to inside operations is that fire moves up through many (*****)
stud channels
Many fire departments today lack the (*****) tip that was used on the old controlling nozzle. With this swivel tip, the fire fighter could quickly give it a dash up and down the channel.
bent swivwl
Once a foundation and basement have been built, the rough carpentry of the platform frame may begin. The first floor (**) (usually rot and insect repellant) is laid on the foundation wall..
sill
floor joist usually spaced (**) or () on center.
16”
24”
(*****) in the form of plywood or osb is laid on top of the joist.
sub flooring
(***) (or cross bracing) is placed between the joist to keep them erect and to help share the loading placed on the floor.
Bridging.
Floor openings are created for stairwell though the use of (**) (along the end of the opening) and (**) (along the length of the opening).
headers
trimmers
THe wood walls consisting of studs placed (*****) oc with a bottom plate and a set of top plates, are next constructed on the floor itself.
16”
THe top set of wall receves the roof framing. Consisting of ())))) and a (***) (some times called a ride pole), the pitched frame forms a peeked roof.
rafters
ridge board
() and () give the roof a variety of slopped shapes, usually for aesthetic purposes.
hips
valleys
In recent years, architects and interior designers, looking for more attractive, economical, or at least different construction methods, have adapted industrial (*******) construction to residential assembly and commercial structures. In stead of using beams 16” apart, heavier beams are used, which are spaced much further apart , instead of thin rough sub flooring or plywood, thick thick finished tongue and groove planks are used.
plank and beam
Many churches and similar buildings with high open spaces are built of (**) or arches and (**) roofs. Any fire that reaches the surface of the wood will spread rapidly and develop into a huge volume.
ridged laminated wood frames
heavy plank
The Empire state building weighs 23 pound per cubic foot. Modern high rises weigh as little as (*****) per cubic foot.
8 pounds
Where a plank and beam ceiling is already, or is about to be, involved in fire, prepare for a heavy stream attack. A (***) should be used to reach the surface of the wood with maximum water.
solid stream tip
Trusses are most often used as (****), but there are many trussed columns, especially in huge building and special purpose structures, such as high energy transmission lines and radio towers.
beams
The truss satisfies many building requirements.
X3
lighter than solid construction
provides long clear spans
can be delivered pre fabricated
A (****) is a structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles in a plane in such a manner that loads applied at the points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses (tension or compression) in the members. Loads applied between these point cause flexural (bending) stress.
truss
THe rigidity of the (**) rest in the geometric principle that only one triangle can be formed from any three lines.
truss
The economy of a (**) is derived for the separation of compressive and tensile stresses so that a minimum of material can be used.
truss
THe to and bottom members of a truss are called (**). THe compressive connecting members are called () the tensile connecting members are called () connections are called ().
Chords
struts
ties
panelpoints
As a group the struts, ties, and panel points are called a (**)
web
In a (****) the bottom and top chords are parallel.
parallel chord truss
Recently builder have been using wooden parallel chord trusses as rafters. This provides a peaked roof, with usable attic space. (****) windows may be a clue to this type of roof.
Dormer
