Construction 9 Flashcards
The basic properties of steel.
Strongest of all building material
Non rotting, resistant to aging
Consistent quality
Expensive
Steel is basically an alloy of ($$$$) and ($$$).
Iron
Carbon
Common structural steel has less than ($$$$$$) carbon
Three tents of one percent
($$$$$) capable of being shaped bent or drawn out
Ductile
The lower carbon content of steel compared to cast iron results in material that is ($$$$) rather than brittle.
Ductile
Steel posses two inherent dis advantages.
Tenancy to rust
Loss of strength when exposed to heat of fire
Yield point Steve’s of steel
36000 psi
T a temperature of around 1000 degrees the yield point of steel has dropped from 36000 psi to approximately 18000 psi. At 1200 degrees the yield point drops to ($$$$$).
10000 psi a loss of 72%
Steel expands as its heated. The amount of expansion for slender members can be determined through a property known as ($$$$$$)
Coefficient of thermal expansion
If an unrestrained steel beam is heated to a uniform 1000 degrees it would expand ($$$$$)
1.4 inches
Botching yielding and thermal expansion take place simultaneously, However, the tendency of steel to ($$$$$)d, therefore bend or buckle is the more significant concern in most fire situations..
Yield
Beams and columns in steel fram buildings are connected by one of two methods ($$$$) or ($$$$)
Bolting
Welding
($$$$) open web truss constructed entirely of steel with steel bars used as the web members.
Bar joist
Gabled ridged frame
The top of the ridged frame is know as the ($$$$) and the points where the inclined members intersect the vertical e members are known as ($$$$)
Crown
Knees
A ($$$$) is constructed as a solid arch that may be built up from angles and webs with a cross section similar to that of a beam.
Girder arch