3/17 repro Flashcards
(122 cards)
renal cell carcinoma
-most common location of metastasis?
lungs
Where do primary brain neoplasms often metastasize to?
inside the CNS
link btwn hypothyroidism & amenorrhea/galactorrhea
inc. TRH can stimulate PRL prod.
Most common cause of spont. nipple discharge?
intraductal papilloma
polythelia
-what is it?
accessory nipple
ephelide
-what is it?
freckle
ANP & BNP
-which messenger system do they use?
inc. cGMP.
vitamin D
-wheres its receptor?
cytoplasm
AFP:
- what normally produces it?
- marker for which tumors?
- fetal liver & yolk sac = normal
- HCC, nonseminomatous testicular carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas.
CA-125
-marker for what?
ovarian cancer
- not good for screening: highly nonspecific.
- use it to monitor progression.
Gross hematuria in a sickle cell pt/DM pt/tylenol abuser
- which disease?
- dont confuse w/what?
renal papillary necrosis
-dont confuse w/acute tubular necrosis which presents in a severely ill hospitalized pt w/oliguria.
choriocarcinoma
-most common distant metastasis?
lungs
choriocarcinoma
- cancer of which cells?
- villi? cytotropho? syncytiotropho?
- neoplasm of trophoblast = which includes both cyto & syncytio.
- NOT of villi.
klinefelters:
-abnormal hormone levels?
- dec. testosterone
- inc. FSH (bc dec inhibin)
- inc. LH => inc. estrogen
*i dont understand why estrogen is inc.
CEA
-marker for what?
-colorectal & pancreatic cancer
Where do most ovarian malignancies arise from?
90% = surface epithelium derived
Case control study
-odds ratio or relative risk?
-odds ratio
Cohort study
-odds ratio or relative risk?
-relative risk
Most important chemical mediator of sepsis?
TNF-alpha
Suckling increases which hormone production?
oxytocin & PRL
Risks for child thats not breast-fed:
-Asthma, allergies, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
hPL
-inc or dec. in hypoglycemia?
- elevated to shunt what little glucose there is to the fetus.
- inc. the moms resistance to insulin.
Which is a better diagnostic test for menopause, LH or FSH?
FSH.
Why do post menopausal woman have inc. risk of CAD?
bc estrogen inc. HDL and dec. LDL.
-and now you have way less estrogen!