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Final FA review > 4/13 overall > Flashcards

4/13 overall Flashcards

1
Q

Musculocutaneous

-sensation where?

A

lateral forearm.

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2
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus

-which nerve damaged?

A

median n.

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3
Q

Lumbrical muscles

-actions:

A

Flex at the MCP joint, extend PIP and DIP joints.

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4
Q

Bakers cyst

  • where is this?
  • what n. can it damage?
A
  • popliteal fossa.

- tibial n.

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5
Q

What disease often caused damage to sup. gluteal nerve & led to trendelenburg sign?

A

polio.

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6
Q

Nerve: Long thoracic

-paired artery?

A

Lateral thoracic

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7
Q

Nerve: Axillary

-paired artery?

A

Posterior circumflex

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8
Q

Nerve: Radial

-paired artery?

A

Deep brachial

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9
Q

Nerve: Median

-paired artery?

A

Brachial

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10
Q

Nerve: Tibial

-paired artery?

A

Popliteal, Posterior tibial.

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11
Q

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia with increased thickness of the stratum spinosum.

  • whats the word?
  • mnemonic?
A

Acanthosis.
-think about acanothosis nigricans. Its obviously epidermal hyperplasia, and think of the skin tags as inc. thickness of stratum spinosum (spiny).

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12
Q

Inc. thickness of stratum corneum.

  • whats the word?
  • example?
A

Hyperkaratosis.

-callus, psoriasis.

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13
Q

Hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum.

-whats the word?

A

Parakeratosis.

-actinic keratosis & psoriasis.

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14
Q

Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces.
-whats the word?

A

Spongiosis.
-Eczematous dermatitis.

*Edema can get so bad that desmosomes btwn keratinocytes can snap and intraepidermal vesicles can form.

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15
Q

Urticaria

-what causes them?

A

Mast cell degranulation.

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16
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right lung.

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17
Q

Aspirate a peanut while supine.

-where will it go?

A
  • superior portion of right inferior lobe.

- posterior segments of right upper lobes.

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18
Q

Relation of the pulmonary artery to the bronchus at

each lung hilus is described by what mnemonic?

A

RALS—Right Anterior; Left Superior.

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19
Q

Bottom of lung:

Bottom of pleural cavity:

A
  • 6, 8, 10.

- 8, 10, 12.

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20
Q

What passes thru aortic hiatus at T12?

-mnemonic?

A

At T12: aorta (red), thoracic duct (white), azygos vein (blue) (“At T-1-2 it’s the red, white, and blue”).

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21
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

-define:

A

RV + ERV (volume in lungs after normal expiration).

*decreased in ARDS.

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22
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

  • define:
  • mnemonic:
A

TV + IRV + ERV

  • Maximum volume of gas that can be expired after a maximal inspiration.
  • blowing out birthday candles.

*same as forced vital capacity.

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23
Q

Why is diffusion limited in emphysema?

A

Surface area of diffusion is decreased.

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24
Q

When is Pulmonary vascular resistance the lowest?

A

At FRC (after normal exhalation).

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25
Q

Shunt:

  • whats the V/Q?
  • example?
A

V/Q = 0

-someone choking.

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26
Q

Annular pancreas

-how will it present?

A

recurrent bilious vomitting as an infant.

-its not going to suddenly show up later in life.

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27
Q

Uncinate process

-formed by which pancreatic bud?

A

Ventral.

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28
Q

Which ligament contains portal triad?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament.

29
Q

Which ligament contains splenic art & vein?

A

Splenorenal ligament.

30
Q

VIPoma

-Sxs:

A
  • non-α, non-β islet cell pancreatic tumor that secretes VIP.
  • Copious Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, and Achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome).
31
Q

VIPoma

-Tx:

A

octreotide.

32
Q

Pancreatic secretions:

  • low flow = high what?
  • high flow = high what?
A
  • low flow = high Cl.

- high flow = high bicarb.

33
Q

1st aortic arch:

  • develops into?
  • mnemonic?
A

Part of maxillary artery (branch of external carotid).

-1st arch is maximal.

34
Q

2nd aortic arch:

  • develops into?
  • mnemonic?
A
  • Stapedial artery and hyoid artery.

- Second = Stapedial.

35
Q

3rd aortic arch:

  • develops into?
  • mnemonic?
A
  • Common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal Carotid artery.
  • C is 3rd letter of alphabet.
36
Q

4th aortic arch:

  • develops into?
  • mnemonic?
A
  • left = aortic arch
  • right, proximal part of right subclavian artery.
  • 4th arch (4 limbs) = systemic.
37
Q

6th aortic arch:

-develops into?

A

-Proximal part of pulmonary arteries & ductus arteriosus.

38
Q

1st branchial/pharyngeal arch:

-innervation?

A

V2 & V3.

39
Q

2nd branchial/pharyngeal arch:

-innervation?

A

CN 7

40
Q

3rd branchial/pharyngeal arch:

-innervation?

A

CN 9

41
Q

4th branchial/pharyngeal arch:

-innervation?

A

CN X (superior laryngeal branch).

42
Q

6th branchial/pharyngeal arch:

-innervation?

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch).

43
Q

pharyngeal nerves?

-whats special about these nerves?

A

5, 7, 9, 10.

  • These are the only CNs with both motor and sensory components
  • some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more.
44
Q

Branchial/pharyngeal apparatus

  • contains clefts, arches, and pouches.
  • what do each of these classes derive from?
  • whats the mnemonic?
A

CAP covers outside to inside:
Clefts = ectoderm
Arches = mesoderm (& neural crest)
Pouches = endoderm

45
Q

1st branchial cleft

-develops into:

A

1st cleft develops into external auditory meatus.

46
Q

Treacher Collins syndrome:

A

1st branchial-arch neural crest fails to migrate =>Ž mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities.

47
Q

1st pouch

-gives rise to:

A

-endoderm-lined structures of ear.

48
Q

2nd pouch

-gives rise to:

A

-epithelial lining of palatine tonsil.

49
Q

3rd pouch

-gives rise to:

A

-inferior parathyroids & thymus.

50
Q

4th pouch

-gives rise to:

A

-superior parathyroids.

51
Q

3rd v 4th pouch.

-mnemonic for knowing which one gives sup/inf parathyroids:

A

-3 is inferior # to 4, 3 has inferior parathyroids and 4

has superior parathyroid.

52
Q

Which pouch gives rise to thymus?

-mnemonic?

A

3rd

  • Third = Thymus.
  • you know its btwn 3rd and 4th btwn DiGeorge is aberrant development of 3rd & 4th.
53
Q

Relative Risk equation:

A

a/(a + b) / c/(c + d)

54
Q

Odds ratio equation:

A

a/c / b/d

55
Q

Attributable risk

-equation? Kind of like what other equation?

A

Its like relative risk except instead of dividing you subtract.
a/(a + b) - c/(c + d)

56
Q

Number needed to treat

-equation:

A

1/absolute risk reduction

57
Q

Number needed to harm

-equation:

A

1/attributable risk

58
Q

Which amino acid used to make NO?

A

arginine

59
Q

citalopram

-what is it?

A

SSRI

60
Q

Sciatic nerve: roots:

A

L2 to S3.

61
Q

Propylthiouracil vs methimazole

  • which one also blocks peripheral 5′-deiodinase?
  • what is a feared side effect of these two?
A
  • PTU

- agranulocytosis.

62
Q

How long does it take for blastocyst to implant?

A

6 days minimum.

63
Q

which bugs have IgA protease?

A

Neisseria, strep pneumo, H.influenzae.

64
Q

Is pancreas retroperitoneal?

A

yes, except its tail.

65
Q

High FFA relationship to diabetes:

A

high FFAs inc. insulin resistance.

-“lipotoxicity”.

66
Q

Nonpulsatile bleed

-what does this tell u?

A

Its a venous bleed, not an arterial bleed.

67
Q

Common characteristic of all astrocytomas?

A

they’re all benign.

68
Q

Probenecid

  • mech:
  • C/I in which pts?
A
  • Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT (also inhibits secretion of penicillin).
  • dont use in pts w/renal failure or urate stones.
  • its a uricosuric drug.

Final FA review (52 decks)

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