Flashcards in 4/3 micro Deck (133)
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1
Which cardiac abnormality causes wide & fixed splitting?
ASD
2
In cardiac splitting of S2: which sound comes last?
pulm. valve closing.
3
systolic ejection murmur that inc. in intensity w/standing.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
4
abrupt standing: how does this affect cardiac parameters?
-dec. preload.
-dec. afterload.
5
What gets converted to propionyl coa?
-mnemonic?
VOMIT pathway:
-valine
-odd chain FA
-methionine
-isoleucine
-threonine
6
glucocorticoids effect on glycogen in liver:
glycogenesis!
-you would think glycogenolysis, but nope!
7
fenoldopam
-mech?
-ues?
-dopamine D-1 receptor agonist. Dec. BP & inc. natriuesis.
-hypetensive emergencies.
8
Cephalosporins
-What do they not cover?
-Whats the one exception?
LAME
-listeria
-atypicals
-MRSA (except ceftaroline)
-enterococci
9
Only cephalosporin to kill MRSA:
ceftaroline.
10
1st generation cephalos:
-name them?
-coverage?
-mnemonic:
-cefazolin, cephalexin.
-PEcK
-Proteus
-E.coli
-Klebsiella
11
2nd gen cephalos
-coverage?
-mnemonic?
HEN PEcKS
-H. influenzae
-enterobacter
-neisseria
-proteus
-E.coli
-klebsiella
-serratia
12
Ceftriaxone
-which gen. cephalo?
-uses?
-3rd gen.
-meningitis and gonorrhea.
13
Ceftazidime
-which gen. cephalo?
-uses?
-3rd gen.
-Pseudomonas.
14
Cefepime
-which gen. cephalo?
-uses?
-4th gen.
-Pseudomonas.
15
ceftaroline
-which gen. cephalo?
-uses?
-5th gen.
-MRSA.
16
Which cephalos target pseudomonas?
-mnemonic?
CeftazaDIME & cefe"PRIME" = the girl in the tub in the pseudomonas vid was a DIME piece, super PRIME.
17
Cephalos
-tox:
-vitamin K deficiency.
-nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides.
18
Which antibiotic can cause vitamin K deficiency?
Cephalos
19
Which 2 antibiotic classes together are very nephrotoxic?
Cephalos & aminoglycosides.
20
tryptase
-marker for what?
-released by mast cells.
-marker for mast cell activation.
21
Aztreonam
-is it a lactam?
-sensitive to beta-lactamases?
-can you use it if you're allergic to PCN?
-yes.
-no, not sensitive.
-yes, no cross-reactivity w/PCN.
22
Aztreonam
-mech:
-Prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to
penicillin-binding protein 3.
23
Aztreonam:
-Synergistic with:
Synergistic with aminoglycosides.
24
Aztreonam:
-target:
-can it target anaerobes?
-gram (-) rods.
-the specific type of PBP it binds to are only found on gram (-) rods.
*can NOT target anaerobes!
25
Carbapenems
-lactam?
-sensitive to beta-lactamases?
-can you use it if you're allergic to PCN?
-yes.
-no, not sensitive.
-no, you cant.
26
Imipenem
-must administer w/what drug?
-why?
-Cilastatin = inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I
-To dec. inactivation of drug in renal tubules.
27
Carbapenems
-suffix?
-"penem"
28
Carbapenems
-tox?
-which is safest carbapenem?
-CNS toxicity (seizures).
-meropenem.
29
Vancomycin
-tox:
-mnemonic:
NOT trouble free
-Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis.
-red man syndrome (can largely prevent by pretreatment with antihistamines and slow infusion rate).
30