Chapter 9 pt. 3

Question 1

What is achievement motivation?

Answer 1

“The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence”

Question 2

Achievement motivation was pioneered by ______ _________

Answer 2

David McClelland

Question 3

Who modified achievement motivation?

Answer 3

John Atkinson

Question 4

What are the components to situational differences in achievement?

Answer 4

1. strength of one’s motivation to achieve
2. estimate of one’s probability of success
3. the incentive value of success

Question 5

the components to situational differences in achievement:

1. strength of one’s motivation to achieve
   
   • ______ from task to task
2. estimate of one’s probability of success
   
   • _______ from task to task
3. the incentive value of success
   
   • tangible and intangible _______

Answer 5

stable
variable
rewards

Question 6

the components to situational differences in achievement:

1. strength of one’s motivation to achieve
   
   • stable from task to task
2. estimate of one’s probability of success
   
   • variable from task to task
3. the incentive value of success
   
   • ________ and _________ rewards

Answer 6

tangible

intangible

Question 7

Your achievement motivation is not the only determine of how hard you work. There are also _________ factors.

Answer 7

situational

Question 8

Motivation can cause _________.

Answer 8

emotion

Question 9

_________ can cause emotion.

Answer 9

Motivation

Question 10

What are the three components of emotion?

Answer 10

1. Cognitive
2. Physiological
3. Behavioral

Question 11

Explain the cognitive component of emotion.

Answer 11

cognitive appraisal of an event or subjective conscious experience

Question 12

Explain the Physiological component of emotion.

Answer 12

bodily arousal such as the fight or flight response

Question 13

Explain the Behavioral component of emotion.

Answer 13

characteristic overt expressions

Question 14

Affective forecasting and impact bias are part of what component of emotion?

Answer 14

Cognitive Component of Emotion

Question 15

What is affective forecasting?

Answer 15

effort to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events

Question 16

What is impact bias?

Answer 16

inability to accurately predict intensity and duration of emotional reactions

Question 17

Psychologists rely on highly subjective ______ reports of what people are experiencing in order to learn about the cognitive components of emotion.

Answer 17

verbal

Question 18

Psychologists rely on highly subjective verbal reports of what people are experiencing in order to learn about the _________ components of emotion.

Answer 18

cognitive

Question 19

The conscious experience of emotion involves an __________.

Answer 19

evaluation

Question 20

People characterize their emotions as ________ or ________.

Answer 20

pleasant

unpleasant

Question 21

People’s cognitive appraisal of events in their lives are determinants of their __________ experience.
However, these evaluations can be automatic and subconscious as well.

Answer 21

emotional

Question 22

People’s cognitive appraisal of events in their lives are determinants of their emotional experience.
However, these evaluations can be __________ and __________ as well.

Answer 22

automatic

subconscious

Question 23

People tend to be pretty good at predicting whether events will generate ________ or ________ emotions…
HOWEVER, they are often way off in their predictions about the intensity and duration of their emotional responses.

Answer 23

positive

negative

Question 24

People tend to be pretty good at predicting whether events will generate positive or negative ________…
HOWEVER, they are often way off in their predictions about the intensity and duration of their emotional responses.

Answer 24

emotions

Question 25

People tend to be pretty good at predicting whether events will generate positive or negative emotions… HOWEVER, they are often way off in their predictions about the _______ and ________ of their emotional responses.

Answer 25

intensity | duration

Question 26

What makes up the Physiological component of emotion?

Answer 26

autonomic nervous system & Limbic System

Question 27

What two types of nerves are involved in the Physiological component of emotion?

Answer 27

1. parasympathetic nervers “rest and digest” | 2. sympathetic nervers “fight or flight"

Question 28

What does our Limbic System consist of?

Answer 28

The amygdala, which plays a great role in fear, sends signals to the hypothalamus. Then, it leads to autonomic arousal and hormonal responses.

Question 29

Ekman and Friesen conducted research that suggest that people are generally successful in identifying ___ basic emotions.

Answer 29

6

Question 30

_______ and ______ conducted research that suggest that people are generally successful in identifying 6 basic emotions.

Answer 30

Ekman | Friesen

Question 31

What is facial feedback hypothesis?

Answer 31

suggests that facial muscles send signals to the brain and these signals help the brain recognize which emotion a person is experiencing.

Question 32

List the three theories on emotion.

Answer 32

1. James-Lange Theory 2. Cannon-Bard Theory 3. Steatite’s Two Factor Theory

Question 33

Explain James-Lange Theory.

Answer 33

The conscious experience of emotions results from one’s perception of autonomic arousal.

Question 34

Autonomic specificity is part of which theory of emotion and what is it?

Answer 34

James-Lange Theory. | Autonomic specificit- suggests that different emotions are accompanied by different patterns of autonomic activation.

Question 35

James-Lange Theory = ________ -> bodily arousal->emotion

Answer 35

stimulus

Question 36

James-Lange Theory = stimulus -> ______ ______->emotion

Answer 36

bodily arousal

Question 37

James-Lange Theory = stimulus -> bodily arousal-> _______

Answer 37

emotion

Question 38

Explain Cannon-Bard Theory.

Answer 38

Emotions occur when the thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex (conscious experience) and autonomic nervous system (physical arousal).

Question 39

Cannon-Bard Theory: | physiological arousal + cognitive interpretation = _________ _________

Answer 39

emotional experience

Question 40

Cannon-Bard Theory: | ___________ ________ + cognitive interpretation = emotional experience

Answer 40

physiological arousal

Question 41

Cannon-Bard Theory: | physiological arousal + _______ ____________ = emotional experience

Answer 41

cognitive interpretation

Question 42

What are the three rebuttals to Cannon-Bard's Theory?

Answer 42

1. Arousal may occur without the experience of emotion 2. Physical changes are too slow to precede conscious experience 3. People experience different emotions with almost identical patterns of arousal (e.g., fear and anger)

Question 43

Explain Steatite’s Two Factor Theory.

Answer 43

emotion depends on : 1. autonomic arousal 2. cognitive interpretation of that arousal

Question 44

According to Steatite’s Two Factor Theory, people look at ________ ____ to differentiate between emotions.

Answer 44

situation cues