Chpt. 20, Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade

Question 1

factories

Answer 1

European trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; used throughout the Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce

Question 2

El Mina

Answer 2

the most important of the early Portuguese trading factories in the forest zone of Africa

Question 3

Nzinga Mvemba

Answer 3

the King of the Kongo south of the Zaire River from 1507 to 1543; he converted to Christianity and took the title of Alfonso 1; under Portuguese influence, he attempted to Christianize all of his kingdom

Question 4

Luanda

Answer 4

a Portuguese factory established in the 1520s south of the Kongo; it became the basis for the Portuguese colony of Angola

Question 5

Royal African Company

Answer 5

chartered in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants, it supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia

Question 6

Indies piece

Answer 6

a term used within the complex exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade, it referred to the value of an adult male slave

Question 7

triangular trade

Answer 7

this was commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe; slaves were carried to America, sugar and tobacco were transported to Europe, and Europe in turn sent its own products, mostly finished products to Africa

Question 8

Asante Empire

Answer 8

establish in the Gold Coast among the Akan people who settled around Kumasi; this empire was dominated by the Oyoko clan; it consisted of many clans that were linked under Osei Tutu after 1650

Question 9

Osei Tutu

Answer 9

a member of the Oyoko clan of the Akan peoples in the Gold Coast region of Africa; he was responsible for creating a unified Asante Empire in 1701, and he used western firearms to do so

Question 10

asantehene

Answer 10

the title taken by the ruler of the Asante Empire; he was the supreme civil and religious leader, and his authority was symbolized by a golden stool

Question 11

Dahomey

Answer 11

a kingdom that developed among the Fon or Aja peoples in the 17th century; it’s center was at Abomey 70 miles from the coast; under King Agaja it expanded to control the coastline and port of Whydah by 1727, and it accepted Western firearms and goods in return for African slaves

Question 12

Luo

Answer 12

Nilotic people who migrated from the upper Nile valley, they established a dynasty among the existing Bantu population in the lake region of central eastern Africa, and it’s center was at Bunyoro

Question 13

Fulani

Answer 13

the pastoral people of western Sudan; they adopted the purifying variant of Islam; under Usuman Dan Fodio in 1804, they launched a revolt against the Hausa kingdoms, and established a state centered on Sokoto

Question 14

Great Trek

Answer 14

a movement of Boer settlers in the Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape the influence of British colonial government in 1834; it led to the settlement of regions north of the Orange River and Natal

Question 15

mfecane

Answer 15

wars of the 19th century in southern Africa; they were created by Zulu expansion under Shaka, and they revolutionized the political organization of southern Africa

Question 16

Lesotho

Answer 16

a New African state formed on the model of the Zulu chiefdom; it survived the mfecane

Question 17

Middle Passage

Answer 17

a slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th to 18th centuries); it generally was a dramatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture

Question 18

creole slaves

Answer 18

American-born descendants of saltwater slaves, they were the result of the process of miscegenation

Question 19

obeah

Answer 19

African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean islands

Question 20

candomblé

Answer 20

African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people

Question 21

vodun

Answer 21

African religious ideas and practices among the descendants of African slaves in Haiti

Question 22

Palmares

Answer 22

a kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8,000 to 10,000 people located in Brazil during the 17th century

Question 23

Suriname

Answer 23

formerly a Dutch plantation colony on the coast of South America, it was the location of a runaway slave kingdom in the 18th century; it was able to retain independence despite attempts to crush the guerrilla resistance

Question 24

William Wilberforce

Answer 24

a British statesman and reformer, he was the leader of an abolitionist movement in the English parliament that led to the end of the English slave trade in 1807

Question 25

voortrekkers

Answer 25

the groups of Boers who moved north from Cape Colony in the Great Trek in order to escape interference by the British government

Question 26

diaspora

Answer 26

this is a mass movement or migration of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland; in the context of this passage it refers to the masses of Africans who were transported from Africa as slaves via the Middle Passage

Question 27

saltwater slaves

Answer 27

slaves transported from Africa, they were almost invariably black