Chpt. 14, The Mongols

Question 1

kuriltai

Answer 1

meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected

Question 2

khagan

Answer 2

title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes

Question 3

tumens

Answer 3

basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 1,000, 100, and 10

Question 4

Karakorum

Answer 4

capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan

Question 5

Batu Khan

Answer 5

ruler of the Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan’s grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236

Question 6

Ogedei

Answer 6

third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father’s death

Question 7

khanates:

Khanate of the Golden Horde
Ilkhanate
Yuan Dynasty
Chagatai Empire

Answer 7

four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan

Question 8

Battle of Kulikova

Answer 8

Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia

Question 9

Prester John

Answer 9

in legends popular from the 12th to 17th century, a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom was cut off from Europe by Muslim conquests, and who was viewed as a probably ally against the spread of Islam; Chinggis Khan was originally believed to be this mythical ruler

Question 10

Baibars

Answer 10

commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians

Question 11

Berke

Answer 11

a ruler of the Ilkhanate; converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East; while Hulegu ruled Persia, he ruled other parts of Mongol dominion

Question 12

Kubilai Khan

Answer 12

grandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established a sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271

Question 13

Dadu

Answer 13

present-day Beijing; called this when Kubilai Khan ruled China

Question 14

Chabi

Answer 14

influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese; died c. 1281

Question 15

Romance of the West Chamber

Answer 15

Chinese novel written during the Yuan period; indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during Mongol rule

Question 16

White Lotus Society

Answer 16

secret religious society dedicated overthrowing the Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

Question 17

Zhu Yuanzhang

Answer 17

the given name of the Hongwu emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty

Question 18

Timur-i-Lang; aka Tamerlane, or Tamer the Lame

Answer 18

also known as Tamerlane, or Tamer the Lame; leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarkand, launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405

Question 19

Khanate of the Golden Horde

Answer 19

the northwest Khanate that was originally led by Batu Khan; located around Russia

Question 20

Ilkhan Empire

Answer 20

the southwest Khanate that was originally led by Hulegu khan; located around the Middle East

Question 21

Yuan Empire

Answer 21

the eastern Khanate that was originally led by Kubilai Khan; located around China

Question 22

Chagatai

Answer 22

the middle khanate, it was led by Chagatai Khan

Question 23

Samarkand

Answer 23

after being taken over by the Mongols, this city became an important hub of trade; later, it served as the base and capital city for the empire established by Tamer-I Lang