Chpt. 13, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

Question 1

Taika Reforms

Answer 1

attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army

Question 2

The Tale of Genji

Answer 2

Written by Lady Murasaki, this was the first novel in the world, and it related the life history of a prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor. It provides evidence for the mannered style of Japanese society.

Question 3

Fujiwara

Answer 3

A Japanese aristocratic family in the mid-9th century that exercised exceptional influence in imperial affairs and aided in the decline of imperial power.

Question 4

bushi

Answer 4

regional warrior leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses and administered the law, supervised public works projects, collected revenues, and built up private armies.

Question 5

samurai

Answer 5

mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi) loyal to local lords, not the emperor

Question 6

seppuku

Answer 6

ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in the West as hara-kiri, it demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor

Question 7

Taira

Answer 7

A powerful Japanese family in the Gempei Wars that established a military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan.

Question 8

Minamoto

Answer 8

Defeated the rival Taira family in the Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan.

Question 9

Gempei Wars

Answer 9

Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto familes; resulted in the destruction of the Taira.

Question 10

bakafu

Answer 10

military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in the military government and the samurai

Question 11

shoguns

Answer 11

military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan)

Question 12

Hojo

Answer 12

A warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto that dominated the Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers who claimed to rule in the name of the Japanese emperor at Kyoto.

Question 13

Ashikaga Takuaji

Answer 13

A member of the Minamoto family who overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573. He drove the emporer from Kyoto to Yoshino.

Question 14

Ashikaga Shogunate

Answer 14

Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan and ruled form 1336 to 1573, destroying the rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.

Question 15

daimyos

Answer 15

warlord rulers of 300 small states following the civil war and disruptions of Ashikaga Shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded min-states

Question 16

Choson

Answer 16

the earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE

Question 17

Koguryo

Answer 17

tribal people of northern Korea; established as an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 BC; adopted cultural Sinification

Question 18

Silla

Answer 18

independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled a united Korea by 668

Question 19

Paekche

Answer 19

an independent Korean kingdom in the southeastern part of the peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in the 7th century

Question 20

Sinification

Answer 20

the extensive adoption of Chinese culture; typical of Korea and Japan, less of Vietnam

Question 21

Yi

Answer 21

the Korean dynasty that succeeded the Koryo dynasty following the period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence

Question 22

Khmers

Answer 22

Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at the time of the Vietnamese drive to the south

Question 23

Trung sisters

Answer 23

leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 CE; demonstrates the importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous Vietnamese society

Question 24

Chams

Answer 24

Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south

Question 25

Nguyen

Answer 25

rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge the traditional dynasty of Trinh in the north at Hanoi; this kingdom was centered on the Red and Mekong Rivers; capital at Hue

Question 26

Trinh

Answer 26

dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in the south