Diseases of the Upper GI: Pathology of the Esophagus Flashcards Preview

MS2 - Digestive, Endocrine, and Metabolic Systems > Diseases of the Upper GI: Pathology of the Esophagus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Diseases of the Upper GI: Pathology of the Esophagus Deck (21)
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1
Q

The stratum basalis should not be more than ______ percent of the epithelial layer.

A

15

2
Q

Sticking of pills can cause ___________.

A

esophagitis due to chemical irritation

3
Q

What are some causes of esophagitis?

A
  • Chemical injury (acids, alkalis, lye, alcohol, meds)
  • Infection (candida, HSV)
  • Immune-related diseases (EoE)
  • Radiation (from cancer)
  • Trauma
4
Q

Nissen fundoplication is used to treat _______________.

A

refractory esophageal reflux; it involves wrapping part of the stomach around the LES to strengthen the sphincter and prevent reflux

5
Q

PAS stains are used to identify ______________.

A

fungi

6
Q

_______________ can lead to esophageal stricture.

A

Eosinophilic esophagitis

7
Q

Mid-esophageal diverticula are associated with ____________.

A

TB infection in the mediastinum

8
Q

Epiphrenic diverticula are associated with ______________.

A

hiatal hernias

9
Q

What are Schatzki rings?

A

Esophageal strictures, most often due to GERD (thought to be protective)

10
Q

Tracheo-esophageal fistulas can cause ___________.

A

recurrent pneumonia

11
Q

In the U.S., the most common cause of esophageal varices is ______________; worldwide, however, it is _____________.

A

cirrhosis; schistosomiasis infection

12
Q

Low-grade Barrett’s is characterized by the ____________ appearance.

A

“picket-fence” (elongated cells with stretched-out nuclei)

13
Q

High-grade Barrett’s is characterized by _____________.

A

round nuclei with crowded glands

14
Q

How is Barrett’s managed?

A
  • Without dysplasia: 3 yr monitoring
  • Low-grade dysplasia: 1 yr monitoring
  • High-grade dysplasia: surveillance 3 mth; resection; ablation
15
Q

Barrett’s can lead to _______-carcinoma.

A

adeno

16
Q

True or false: esophageal adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer of the esophagus worldwide.

A

False. Squamous cell carcinoma

17
Q

How common is esophagitis?

A

About 5% of adults have it.

18
Q

What two inflammatory cells will be histologically visible in someone with esophagitis?

A

Neutrophils and eosinophils

19
Q

_____________ can lead to the appearance of “corkscrew esophagus.”

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

20
Q

What percent of people with GERD will develop Barrett’s?

A

10%

21
Q

The five-year survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma is _______.

A

only 25%

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