Lesson 1D (Part 2) Flashcards
Amebiasis
Is a hepatic infection that is caused by parasites that penetrates through the colon, via mesenteric venules, then to the portal vein and off to the liver
How is amebiasis passed on?
Through the fecal-oral route
What is the most common presenting symptom with amebiasis?
Pain
What are the sonographic features of amebiasis? (5)
- Round or oval shaped lesion
- Absence of prominent wall
- Hypoechogenicity
- Distal enhancement
- Continuity with the diaphragm
What is the most common cause for hydatid disease?
The parasite Echinococcus granulosis
- tape work that is 3-6mm long
Where is hydatid disease most common?
Prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries
How does the hydatid disease spread?
Embryos are freed in the duodenum and reach the liver through the portal veins
- where most get trapped
What organs can hydatid disease involve? (4)
- Lungs
- Kidneys
- Spleen
- CNS
Which side of the liver is most frequently involved with hydatid disease?
The right lobe
What does the hydatid disease form?
Slow growing cysts
What are the sonographic features of the hydatid disease? (4)
- Simple cysts
- Cysts with detached endocyst secondary to rupture
- Cysts with daughter cysts
- Densely calcified masses
- Waterlily sign
- looks kinda like a flower
What is the conventional treatment for hydatid disease?
Surgery
- US is used to monitor therapy in patients
What is the most common parasitic infection in humans?
Schistosomiasis
How do the parasites reach the liver?
Through the portal vein
- eventually the branches get blocked
What does schistosomiasis lead to? (4)
- Portal hypertension
- Splenomegaly
- Varices
- Ascites ensues
What are the sonographic features of schistosomiasis? (2)
- Widened echogenic portal tracts **
- Can see dilated biliary ducts **
- Starts out enlarged and then gets smaller
What region is most affected by schistosomiasis?
The porta hepatis
What is the most common organisms causing opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS?
Pneumocystis carinii
What is the most common cause of life threatening infection?
Pneumonia
What is a treatment suggestion for those who have Pneumocystis carinii?
Bone marrow and organ transplants
What are the sonographic appearances of Pneumocystis carinii? (2)
- Tiny, diffuse non-shadowing echogenic foci
2. Extensive replacement of normal hepatic parenchyma by echogenic clumps of dense calcification
