Lesson 5A (Part 2) Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Wandering spleen

A

Is a congenital anomaly where the spleen is found in unusual locations due to long lax ligaments

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2
Q

What can a wandering spleen be mistaken for?

A

A mass

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3
Q

What can easily happen with wandering spleen?

A

Torsion

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4
Q

What do patients present with with wandering spleen? (2)

A
  1. Acute pain

2. Chronic pain

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5
Q

What will confirm the diagnosis of torsion?

A

Lack of vascularity

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6
Q

Asplenia

A

Is a congenital absence of the spleen

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7
Q

What occurs with response to asplenia? (3)

A
  1. Impairment of immune response
  2. Sepsis
  3. Bacterial meningitis
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8
Q

Polysplenia

A

More than one spleen

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9
Q

Retrorenal spleen

A

An anatomical variant in which the inferior portion of the spleen is located behind the upper left kidney

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10
Q

Why are radiologists reluctant to perform splenic intervention procedures?

A

Because it is highly vascular and they dont want to risk bleeding out

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11
Q

What is used to diagnose abnormalities of the spleen?

A

Fine needle biopsies

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12
Q

Splenectomy

A

Complete removal of the spleen

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13
Q

Which is larger, polysplenia or an accessory spleen?

A

Polysplenule

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14
Q

Core biopsy

A

Getting a sample of tissue

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15
Q

Needle biopsy

A

Getting a sample of cells

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16
Q

What may be seen in US when trauma blunt force trauma occurs to the spleen?

A

Free intra-abdominal fluid

17
Q

Where is a common place where fluid accumulates after trauma?

A

Morison’s pouch

18
Q

Where is Morison’s pouch located between?

A

The liver and the right kidney

19
Q

What occurs if the capsule remains intact during trauma? (2)

A
  1. Intraparenchymal

2. Subcapsular hematoma

20
Q

What occurs if the capsule ruptures during trauma? (4)

A
  1. Demonstrate fluid in LUQ
  2. Decreased hematocrit
  3. May spread through peritoneal cavity
    - morison’s pouch and pelvis
  4. A focal or free intraperitoneal hematoma may occur
21
Q

How does a hematoma look like on US?

A

Initially it is a liquid appearing-anechoic space, but after the blood clots its echogenicity resembles normal spleen

22
Q

What can a hematoma mimic?

23
Q

What recuts to easily be able to diagnose hematoma?

A

Reliquification

24
Q

Splenic infarction

A

Occlusion of the splenic vascular supply

25
What does splenic infarction lead to? (2)
1. Ischemia | 2. Tissue necrosis
26
What are 4 complications with splenic infarction?
1. Hemorrhage 2. Rupture 3. Abscess 4. Pseudocyst
27
How does splenic infarction appear on US? (5)
1. Peripheral, wedge shaped, hypoechoic 2. Echogenicity depends on age of infarct 3. Early stages it is anechoic or hypoechoic 4. Progresses to hyperechoic-fibrosis 5. No flow on colour doppler
28
Splenomegaly (3)
1. Diffuse enlargement 2. Capable of growing to an enormous size 3. Into left iliac fossa
29
What measurements are considered splenomegaly?
> 18cm
30
What are causes of splenomegaly? (5)
1. Hematologic 2. Rheumatologic 3. Infectious 4. Congestive 5. Infiltrative
31
What are complications of splenomegaly? (2)
1. Hypersplenism | 2. Spontaneous rupture