Lesson 4C (Part 1) Flashcards
What are 8 examples of genitourinary tumours?
- Renal cell Carcinoma
- Transitional Cell Carcinoma
- Ureteral Tumors
- Bladder Tumors
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Oncocytoma
- Angiomyolipoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubules
What is the most common type of renal cell ccarcinoma?
Clear cell
What are risk factors for renal cell carcinoma? (4)
- Acquired cystic kidney disease
- Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
- Before the advent of imaging- patients presented with advanced metastatic disease
- May spread to virtually every organ in the body
RCC
Renal cell carcinoma
Wha is the percent of all primary malignant renal parenchymal tumours?
86%
Who does RCC affect more?
Men
- 50-70 years of age
What is the cause of RCC?
Unknown
Patients with what have an increased incidence for RCC?
Tuberous sclerosis
What is the classic triad of symptoms for RCC? (3)
- Flank pain
- Gross hematuria
- can visually see this - Palpable renal mass
What are symptoms of RCC with the advanced disease? (3)
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Some are found incidentally
What 2 modalities are used to characterize RCC?
- CT
2. US
What is done is the tumours is large and centrally located?
Radical nephrectomy
What are 3 different types of RCC?
- Clear cell
- Papillary RCC
- Cystic
What does cystic RCC look like on US? (3)
- Multilocular cystic
- with internal septations - Unilocular cystic
- debris filled, thick walls - Necrotic appearance
What does RCC look like on US? (3)
- Most are solid
- Hypoechoic, isoechoic or hyperechoic
- majority are isoechoic - May resemble an angiomyolipoma
What should be assessed if there is suspected solid renal mass? (3)
- Renal veins
- IVC
- Peritoneum
What are differential diagnosis for RCC? (5)
- Transitional cell carcinoma
- occurs in central kidney - Medullary cancer
- sickle cell trait - Renal sarcoma
- Metastases and lymphoma
- Benign tumors
- renal adenoma
- oncocytoma
What is not possible with imaging tests?
To distinguish RCC from benign renal tumours
What is the exception with distinguishing with imaging tests?
Angiomyolipoma
- CT and MRI detect the fat composition
What are the 4 stages of RCC?
- Tumour is confined within the renal capsule
- Tumour invasion of perinephric fat
- Tumour involvement of regional lymph nodes
- Invasion of adjacent organs or distal metastasis
What is the inferior modality for RCC staging?
US
- compared to CT and MRI
What is helpful in diagnosing thrombosis?
Colour doppler
What affects the image clarity? (2)
- Obesity
2. Bowel gas
