Flashcards in Lesson 4D (Part 3) Deck (31)
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1
What kind of disease is tuberous disease?
Inherited disease
2
What is tuberous disease characterized by? (3)
1. Intellectual disability
2. Seizures
3. Adenoma sebaceum
- red marks on face
3
Where does tuberous disease come from? (2)
1. Autosomal dominant
2. Spontaneous mutation
4
What is tuberous disease associated with? (2)
1. AML
2. RCC
5
What does tuberous disease look like on US? (2)
1. Multiple cysts from microscopic to 3 cm in size
2. Appears similar to ADKPD
6
What modality us used to follow up tuberous disease?
CT
7
What are renal injuries from?
Blunt or penetrating injury
8
How does blunt trauma usually heal?
Without treatment
9
What do penetrating injuries usually a result of? (2)
1. Gunshot
2. Stab wounds
10
What are the 4 major categories of renal injuries?
1. Minor injury
- 75-85%
2. Major injuries
- 10%
3. Catastrophic injuries
- 5%
4. Uteropelvic junction avulsion
11
What are examples of minor injuries? (5)
1. Contusions
2. Subcapsular
3. Hematoma
4. Cortical infarcts
5. Superficial lacerations
12
What are examples of major injuries?
Renal lacerations
- may extend into the collecting system and segmental renal infarct
13
What are examples of catastrophic injuries? (2)
1. Vascular pedicle injury
2. Shattered kidney
14
What renal injuries require urgent surgery? (2)
1. Catastrophic
2. Uteropelvic junction avulsion
15
How do lacerations appear on US?
Linear defects that may extend through the kidney if fractured
16
What does hematomas vary in?
Echogenicity
17
What do renal injuries collect? (2)
1. Blood
2. Urine
18
WHat is subscapular hemorrhage?
Perirenal fluid collection
19
What does colour doppler aid in?
In assessment of vascular integrity
20
What is used to follow up in the critically ill renal injuries?
CECT
21
What are the complications of surgery for ureter injuries? (2)
1. Gynecological
- 70%
2. Urolological
- 30%
22
What are ureteral stents used for?
To allow ureter to heal
23
With is US useful for in ureter injuries?
To detect sizable fluid collections and hydronephrosis
24
What can a bladder injury be the result of? (3)
1. Blunt injury
2. Penetrating injury
3. Iatrogenic injury
25
What can bladder injuries result in?
Ruptures
26
What is US not useful in assessing?
Bladder injuries
- except to identify fluid collections
27
When are renal stents used?
For patients who have an obstruction of the kidney
28
What does a renal stent do?
It relieves the blockage
29
Where is the stent placed?
In the ureter between the kidney and the bladder
30
What can cause an obstruction of the renal stent? (4)
1. Stone
2. Fragment
3. Scarring
4. Tumor
31
