Flashcards in Lesson 2A (Part 1) Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
What is the biliary system made up of? (3)
1. Intrahepatic bile ducts
- part of the triad
2. GB
3. CBD
2
What do hepatocytes produce?
Bile
3
Where is bile transported through?
Through the right and left intrahepatic bile ducts to the porta hepatis where they converge to form the common hepatic duct
4
How does common hepatic duct transport bile into the GB?
Through the cystic duct
5
What controls the flow of bile?
Valves of Heister in the cystic duct
6
Where is the extrahepatic CBD compared to the cystic duct and CHD?
It is distal to it
7
What does the GB do? (4)
1. Stores and concentrates bile
2. Transports bile through the CBD to the duodenum
3. When fat enters the digestive system, cholecystokinen is released into the bloodstream and stimulates the release of bile into the CBD and duodenum
4. Bile enters the Ampulla of Vater along with enzymes from the pancreas through the duct of Wirsung to aid in the digestion of fats in our digestive system
8
What is the GB and cystic duct supplied by?
The cystic artery
9
What is the cystic artery a branch from?
Right hepatic artery
10
What is routinely looked at when scanning the biliary system? (2)
1. Liver
2. Pancreas
11
Why is the liver and pancreas scanning when looking at the biliary system?
Because they are intertwined in their functions and affects each other
12
How do you get indirect bilirubin?
When the liver breaks down old red blood cells and then changes it to direct where the GB discrete it
13
What is the normal total bilirubin value?
0.3-1.1 dL
- indirect
14
What is the direct bilirubin value?
0.1-0.4 dL
- direct
15
What is bilirubin?
A product from the breakdown of hemoglobin in old red blood cells
16
What does leakage of bilirubin into the tissue give?
Jaundice
17
What does bilirubin reflect?
The balance between production and excretion of bile
18
What is elevation of direct or conjugated bilirubin associated with? (4)
1. Obstruction
2. Hepatitis
3. Cirrhosis
4. Liver metastases
19
What is elevation of indirect or unconjugated bilirubin associated with?
Nonobstructive conditions
- eg) steatosis
20
ALP
Alkaline phosphatase
- an enzyme
21
What is ALP produced by? (3)
1. Liver
2. Bone
3. Placenta
22
Where is ALP excreted through?
Bile ducts
23
What is marked elevation of ALP associated with?
Jaundice
24
ALT
Alanine aminotransferase
25
Where is ALT found in high concentrations?
Liver
26
Where is ALT found in low concentrations? (3)
1. Heart
2. Muscle
3. Kidneys
27
What enzyme remains elevated longer, AST or ALT?
ALT
28
What is ALT used to asses?
Jaundice
29
What is elevated levels of ALT associated with? (3)
1. Cirrhosis
2. Hepatitis
3. Biliary obstruction
30
