Flashcards in Neuro X Deck (65)
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1
deficient enzyme in Krabbe disease
galactocerbosidase
2
what builds up in krabbe's?
1) galactocebroside
2) psychosine
3
Krabbe pathophys
galactocerboside + psychosine destroy myelin sheath.
4
findings in Krabbe's
1) peripheral neuropathy
2) developmental delay
3) optic atrophy
4) globoid cells
5
Metachromatic leukodystrophy pathophys
Buildup of sulfatides leads to impaired production and destruction of myelin sheath.
6
Findings in metachromatic leukodystrophy
1) central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia and dementia
7
PML epidemiology
2-4% of AIDS patients
8
What drugs confer increased risk for PML?
1) natalizumab
2) rituximab
9
adrenoleukodystrophy complications
- Long-term coma/death
- adrenal gland crisis
10
adrenoleukodystrophy pathophys
buildup of very-long-chain fatty acids in nervous system + adrenal gland + testes
11
General characteristics of seizures
Synchronized, high-frequency neuronal firing
12
Most common origin of partial seizures
medial temporal lobe
13
partial seizure common scenario
preceded by seizure aura.
14
Simple partial vs. complex partial focal seizures
consciousness intact with simple, impaired in complex
15
status epilepticus cutoff
5 minutes
16
Most common causes of seizures in children...
1) genetic
2) infection (febrile)
3) trauma
4) congenital
5) metabolic
17
Most common causes of seizures in adults...
1) tumor
2) trauma
3) stroke
4) infection
18
Most common causes of seizures in elderly...
1) stroke
2) tumor
3) trauma
4) metabolic
5) infection
19
generalized seizures
1) absence
2) myoclonic
3) tonic-clonic
4) tonic
5) atonic
20
absence seizure characteristics
1) 3 Hz
2) no postictal confusion
3) blank stare
21
tonic clonic (grand mal) presentation
alternating stiffening and movement
22
only headache that's more common in men?
cluster
23
cluster duration
15 min-3 hr; repetitive
24
cluster associated with?
horner syndrome
25
acute cluster treatment
sumatriptan + 100% O2
26
cluster prophylaxis
verapamil
27
typical tension headache duration
Greater than 30 minutes, typically 4-6 hrs. constant.
28
treatment for chronic pain associated with tension headaches?
amitriptyline
29
migraine duration
4-72 hours
30
