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From Flashcardlet > Test 1 Environmental Health > Flashcards

Test 1 Environmental Health Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

environmental health definition

A

physical,chemical, and biological factors external to a person impacting behavior

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2
Q

what percent of income do people in LDCs spend on food

A

90%

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3
Q

sustainability

A

fulfill the social, economic, and environmental requirements of present and future generations

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4
Q

What were the Greek’s contributions

A

geometry, theology, law, deductive reasoning, astronomy, dural rotation of earth

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5
Q

what did the Arabs contribute

A

chemistry, detached fact rather than general principles

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6
Q

who is credited with inventing the scientific method

A

Galileo and Kepler

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7
Q

inductive versus deductive reasoning

A

inductive: specific observations to broad topic deductive: broad topic to find specifics

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8
Q

who is the father of modern times

A

Galileo

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9
Q

Newton

A

3 laws of motion and law of gravitation

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10
Q

Pavlov

A

psychology unconditioned reflexes 4 temperaments: choleric, melancholie, sanguine, phlegmatic

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11
Q

How many people are on the planet? How many in US

A

7.1 bil, 307 mil, 9 bil in next 2 decades

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12
Q

total fertility rate

A

of children woman will have in reproductive lifetime per 1,000 people

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13
Q

birth and death rate

A

per 1,000 people low: 10/1000 high: 40/1000

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14
Q

natural increase

A

birth rate minus death rate

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15
Q

growth rate

A

rule of 70 population doubling

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16
Q

pronatalist pressures

A

pressure to have children could be sign of status, or need people to take of you when you’re old

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17
Q

dependency ratio

A

of people not working versus working

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18
Q

birth reduction pressures

A

pressure to not have children population too high or space limitations

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19
Q

what group is largest minority in US and what percent

A

Latino 29% in 2050

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20
Q

Population control

A

education can help government regulation incentives births later in life

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21
Q

What are some problems with the aging population in Europe

A

lower economic growth low replacement fertility increased healthcare expenditures shortage of working population increased retirement age

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22
Q

Economic parenting versus practical parenting

A

economic provider care giver

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23
Q

Is Public sector or Private sector more flexible and therefore better for fathers

Study These Flashcards
A

public leads to more practical parenting

24
Q

Is mutipartner fertility more common in men with higher education or lower education

Study These Flashcards
A

lower education

25
who has more kids males with a higher education or men with a lower one
higher one
26
what does a masculine work environment equal
more multipartner kids
27
How does evolution happen
mutations in a genome that is passed down to future generations
28
what kind of evolution does the common predator prey relationship result in
directional selection goes one way because of selective pressure ex: prey gets faster and so does predator
29
what kind of evolution does competition result in
disruptive selection goes opposite ways evolves into 2 bell curves ex: finches
30
what is stabilizing selection
two curves go towards middle to balance out into one big curve ex: birth weights
31
mutualism
both benefit flowers and bees
32
commensalism
one benefits and other is neutral ex: trees and insects competing for sun
33
Batesian mimicry
harmless species mimic predators
34
ecology
geographical distribution of species and genera
35
symbiosis
system in which members of different species live in physical contact
36
Ivan E. Wallin
new species originate through symbiosis permanent symbiosis is called symbiogenesis symbiontcism is animals with bacteria
37
ecosystems
sets of complex relationships among living organisms, their habitats, and resources
38
trophic levels definition
how to classify producers and consumers in ecosystems primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, etc...
39
photosynthesis
converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in chemical bonds of sugars
40
Tropic levels by number
1st primary producers: plants 2nd primary consumers: herbivores 3rd secondary consumers: carnivores
41
food web
complex integrated food chain, predators eat multiple things
42
what happens every time you go up a trophic level
they absorb only 10% of energy they eat
43
biogeochemical cycling
carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycles where they have to be absorbed by plants to get to humans
44
Eutrophication
run off of nutrients into bodies of water through fertilizer
45
How long has life been sustainable for
4.5 bil. and fossils found from 3.5 bil years ago
46
what are the 3 fundamental characteristics of ecosystems
Structure: nonliving and living community Processes: cycling of elements and flow of energy Change: succession
47
How are animals that feed on multiple trophic levels classified
by whatever highest trophic level they feed at plus one
48
thermodynamics definition
movement of energy through an ecosystem from the external environment through a series of organisms and back to the external environment energy source, ecosystem, and energy sink
49
Biological production
energy "fixed" by organisms into organic compounds
50
what are the 3 laws of thermodynamics
the conservation of energy: can't be created or destroyed increase in entropy: energy changes in form law of absolute zero temperature
51
biomass, net production
total amount of organic mater in any ecosystem changes in biomass over time
52
primary production of biomass
autotrophs make sugar through sunlight photosynthesis
53
secondary production of biomass
heterotrophs, feed on others, depend on autotrophs to produce energy
54
respiration
how living things use energy from organic matter organic compound combines with oxygen to release energy ad produce CO2
55
enzymes
organic chemicals that help us with respiration
56
Gross production
production of organic matter before use amount left over after use is called net production
57
production of biomass in 3 steps
an organism produces organic matter within its body it uses some of this new organic matter as a fuel in respiration it stores some of this new organic matter for future use

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