Unit 7.1 Psychology Flashcards
(21 cards)
Encoding
The processing of information into the memory system
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Storage
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Parallel processing
The processing of many aspects of the problem simultaneously
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in memory system
Short-term Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly
Long-term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Working memory
A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Explicit memory
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well- learned information, such as word meanings
Implicit memory
Retention independent of conscious recollection (nondeclarative memory)
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
Photographic memory
Echoic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units
Mnemonics
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Spacing effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Testing effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
Shallow processing
Encoding on a basic level based on the structure of appearance of words
Deep processing
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words
