Unit 7 Psychology Flashcards
(52 cards)
Encoding
The processing of information into the memory system by extracting meaning
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Automatic process
Unconscious encoding of incidental information
Ex: Word meanings
Effortful process
Encoding ghat requires attention and conscious effort
Iconic encoding
Encoding of picture images
Echoic encoding
Encoding by sound
Thun- sto- fam
Semantic encoding
Encoding the meaning of words
THUNSTOFAM
Storage
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Forgetting curve
The more you practice a list of nonsense syllables on one day the fewer repetitions you require to learn it in the next day
Nonsense syllables
The amount remembered depends on the time spent learning
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Three stages of memory
Sensory
Short term
Long term
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. Usually for seconds
Short term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly. 10-12 seconds
7 items
Ex: phone number
Long term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
Ex: fact memory
Your address
Flashbulb memory
Memories of surprising significant moments that are very clear
Ex: car accident
Where is a flashbulb memory stored?
Long term memory
Spacing effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice
Testing affect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
Mnemonic devices
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Peg word system
A jingle
One- is a bun
Two- is a shoe
….
Chunking
Organizing in terms into familiar, manageable units
Automatically sometimes
Method of loci
Creating a story to help you remember something
Hippocampus and memory
Helps process explicit memories for storage
