Unit 7.5 Psychology

Question 0

Heuristic

Answer 0

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently speedier but more error prone than algorithms

Question 1

Algorithm

Answer 1

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem speedier but more error prone that heuristic

Question 2

Insight

Answer 2

A sudden realization of a problem’s solutions; contrast with strategy based solutions

Question 3

Conformation bias

Answer 3

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 4

Mental set

Answer 4

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Question 5

Intuition

Answer 5

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Question 6

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 6

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

Question 7

Availability heuristic

Answer 7

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind we presume such events are common

Question 8

Overconfidence

Answer 8

The tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Question 9

Belief perseverance

Answer 9

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Question 10

Framing

Answer 10

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements