Unit 2 Psychology Flashcards
(24 cards)
Empirical approach
The only source of knowledge comes through our senses
Hidesight bias
The tendency to believe you have foreseen something after hearing the outcome
Operational definitions
A carefully worded statement if exact procedures
What is a case study
One individual or group is studied in depth in hopes of revealing universal principles
Survey
Finding out information by questioning a representative random sample of the group
Naturalistic observation
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations
Correlation
A measure of the extent to which two variables change
Correlation coefficient
A statistical index of the relationship between two variables
Experiment
Manipulating one or more variable to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
How is a study reliable
When it can be replicated
Positive correlations
Directly proportional
Negative correlations
Inversely proportional
Illusory correlation
The perception of a relationship between two variables when only a minor or absolutely no relationship actually exists
Random assignment
Assign participants to experimental and control groups by chance
What is a single blind study
The participants are ignorant but the research staff is not
Double blind study
Both the research staff and the research participants are ignorant
Placebo
Something you give someone to make them think they are getting the treatment but they are not
Placebo effect
Experimental results caused by expectations alone
Control group
Group not exposed to the treatment
Experimental group
Group exposed to the treatment
Independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated
Dependent variable
The variable that may change in response to a manipulation of the independent variable
Confounding variable
A factor other than the independent variable that may produce an effect in an experiment
What are the APA ethics?
Informed consent
Protect from harm
Keep information secret
Debrief
