Unit 2 AP Government

Question 0

Free exercise clause

Answer 0

A 1st amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion

Question 1

Barron v Baltimore

Answer 1

Bg: sued for barge being ruined
Ruling: denied bill of rights did not apply to the states
5th amendment

Question 2

Establishment clause

Answer 2

Part of the 1st Amendment. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

Question 3

Engle v. Vitale

Answer 3

Bg: students given prayer cards in NY
Ruling: prayer not allowed in public schools.
1st Free establishment and free exercise clauses

Question 4

Near v Minnesota

Answer 4

Bg: near ran a newspaper and was punished for what was written
Ruling: 1st amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint. May be permissible during wartime. One may be punished after something is published
1st

Question 5

Schenck v US

Answer 5

Bg: distributed leaflets saying don’t give into draft accused of committing a crime against the espionage act
Ruling: rule in favor of US. Speech limited in wartime. Prior restraint if clear and present danger
1st

Question 6

New York Times v Sullivan

Answer 6

Bg: New York Times made comments about MLK
Ruling: statements about public figures are libelous only if made with reckless disregard for the truth
1st

Question 7

Mapp v Ohio

Answer 7

Bg: fake search warrant arrested for things in home
Ruling: exclusionary evidence ant be used in trial. Ruled in warren’s favor
4th amendment nationalized
14th

Question 8

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 8

Bg: writes confession: self incrimination
Ruling: throw out written confession, give him right to an attorney, found guilty after trial
5th and 14th

Question 9

Gideon v Wainwright

Answer 9

Bg: 1961 arrested and charged for breaking no entering but couldn’t afford an attorney
Ruling: Supreme Court said he had right to an attorney
6th and 14th

Question 10

Gregg v Georgia

Answer 10

Bg: death penalty
Ruling: court ruled with Georgia and set strict guidelines for death penalty
8th and 14th

Question 11

Planned Parenthood v Casey

Answer 11

Bg: spouse has to give consent before abortion
Ruling: created undue burden on married women. Court upheld Roe v Wade and sided with PP
1st and 14th

Question 12

Reynolds v US

Answer 12

Bg: Mormons gone after for polygamy
Ruling: claims free exercise of religion. Religious practices if they disturb public order are not constitutional. Sided with Mormons
1st

Question 13

Roe v Wade

Answer 13

Bg: Jane Roe wanted an abortion and sued
Ruling: ruled in Roe’s favor because women have the right to privacy
1st and 14th

Question 14

13th Amendment

Answer 14

Forbade slavery and involuntary servitude. Introduced era of reconstruction and segregation. Jim Crow

Question 15

14th amendment

Answer 15

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the US. Nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Due process clause. Equal protection clause

Question 16

15th Amendment

Answer 16

Extended suffrage to African Americans 1870. States circumnavigated this Amendment for a full century through literacy tests. Race, color, previous condition of servitude

Question 17

19th Amendment

Answer 17

1920 guarantees women the right to suffrage. Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions 1848

Question 18

24th Amendment

Answer 18

1964 declared poll taxes void in federal elections. Harper v Virginia State Board of Elections

Question 19

Dred Scott v Sandford

Answer 19

Bg: He was a former slave who’s owner moved to a free state and he tried to sue for his freedom.
Ruling: slaves couldn’t sue because they were not US citizens
5th, 13th 14th and 15th overturned it

Question 20

Defacto segregation

Answer 20

Segregation based on living patterns

Question 21

Civil rights act of 1964

Answer 21

Made racial discrimination illegal in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other places of public accommodation. Forbade discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, or gender. Created equal employment opportunity Commission

Question 22

Voting rights act of 1965

Answer 22

Law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American’s suffrage. Hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and a number of African American elected officials increased dramatically

Question 23

Grandfather clause

Answer 23

Let white illiterates vote. Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1964. Smith v Allwright. Said you could vote based on your grandfather’s eligibility

Question 24

Guinn v US

Answer 24

Outlawed grandfather clause

Question 25

Korematsu v US

Answer 25

Japanese were put in camps The exclusion order leading to Japanese internment was constitutional 5th

Question 26

Comparable worth

Answer 26

Belief that men and women should receive equal payment

Question 27

Regents of the University of California v Bakke

Answer 27

Bg: Bakke denied access to school because of race, college trying to meet quota Ruling: Bakke won because quota systems aren't fair. Arbitrary quotas are unconstitutional Gruffer v Bollinger Gratz v Bollinger 14th

Question 28

Grutter v Bollinger

Answer 28

Bg: University of Michigan using race as a factor in law school Ruling: did not violate any amendments 14th

Question 29

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Answer 29

Requires employers and public facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities. Prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment

Question 30

3 things Lemon v Kurtzman did (essay)

Answer 30

Aid to schools must have 1. A secular legislative purpose 2. Have a primary effect that neither advances or inhibits religion 3. Not foster excessive government entanglement with religion

Question 31

Prior restraint (essay)

Answer 31

A government preventing material from being published. Near v Minnesota and Schenck v US

Question 32

Exclusionary rule (essay)

Answer 32

Evidence collected that violates the constitution cannot be used in trial. 5th amendment. Mapp v Ohio. Maranda v Arizona

Question 33

Civil liberties in dealing with enemy combatants (essay)

Answer 33

Habeas corpus is not for enemy combatants | Ex part v Milligan

Question 34

Civil rights (essay) other groups

Answer 34

Women got right to vote in 19th amendment. Equal employment opportunity act. Reed v Reed. Age discrimination. American Disablities Act of 1990 Sexual orientation. Don't ask don't tell. Had right to privacy

Question 35

Plessy v Ferguson (essay)

Answer 35

``` Plessy sat in white car on railroad and was barely black Seperate but equal Jim Crow laws Dejure segregation 14th amendment ```

Question 36

Brown v Board of Education (essay)

Answer 36

``` Kids tried to get into white schools Sided with brown 5 different lawsuits Inherently unequal Judicial implementation 14th amendment ```