Unit 6 Psychology Flashcards
(42 cards)
Classical conditioning
A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
Learning
A permanent change in behavior that is the result of experience
Who was the main psychologist in classical conditioning
Pavlov
Who introduced the term behaviorism
Watson
Unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that automatically elicits a response without any prior conditioning or learning
Unconditioned response
That response that occurs automatically to the unconditioned stimulus. It is an unlearned reaction or response to an unconditioned stimulus without pervious conditioning
Conditioned stimulus
Is a previously neutral stimulus that, through pairing with the unconditioned stimulus also eventually elicits a response
Conditioned response
That response that occurs to the conditioned stimulus. It is a learned reaction or response to the conditioned stimulus
Pavolv’s dog experiment
UCS: food
UCR: salivation
CS: bell
CR: salivation
Acquisition
A neural stimulus that is consistently followed by an unconditioned stimulus will become a conditioned response
Extinction
The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response when the conditioned response is no longer paired with the unconditioned response
Spontaneous recovery
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay
Generalization
Associating everything with a certain stimulus
Discrimination
You learn not to generalize
Learned helplessness
Dogs when shocked too much learn to just deal and don’t try to get out of the cage
Garcia’s and Koelling taste aversion
The rats and sweet water that made them sick makes the rats not want the sweet water.
Little Albert Experiment
UCS: noise
UCR: crying
CS: mouse
CR: crying
Operant conditioning
Part form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences
E.L. Thorndike’s Law of effect
The idea that responses that produced desirable results would be learned or stamped onto the organism
Skinner
Invented Skinner box and encouraged people to use operant principles to influence others’ behavior at school, work, and home.
Skinner box
Operant chamber: a boxlike apparatus that can be programmed to deliver reinforcers and punishers contingent on an animals behavior
Shaping
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
Successive approximations
Steps towards a target behavior
Reinforcer
A stimulus that follows a response and results in an increase in the chances that the response will be repeated
