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Uworld > test 11-12: All > Flashcards

test 11-12: All Flashcards

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1
Q

Thyroid peroxidase is responsible for what

A
  • oxidation of iodide to iodine
  • iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosine residues
  • iodotyrosine coupling reaction that forms T3 and T4
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2
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis has antibodies against what

A

thyroid peroxidase

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3
Q

equation for power

A

1 - beta

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4
Q

define power

A

probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is truly false
- blinded by truth

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5
Q

Streak ovaries, amenorrhea, infertility are gynecologic complications of

A

Turner syndrome

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6
Q

Heart problem associated with Turner

A

biscuspid aortic valve

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7
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn most commonly occurs from what

A

maternal sensitization to Rh antigens during a prior pregnancy with an Rh(D)+ fetus

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8
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is a “blood-loving” organism hat requires what extra stuff for growth

A

Hematin and NAD+

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9
Q

Homophiles can be grown with what other bacteria, “satellite phenomenon”

A

Staph. aureus

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10
Q

Function of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes

A
  1. 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity (remove RNA primer)
  2. 5’ to 3’ polymerase
  3. 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
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11
Q

Fabry disease is deficiency in what

A

alpha-galactoside A deficiency

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12
Q

what accumulates in Fabry disease

A
  • sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide
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13
Q

what are early manifestations of Fabry disease

A
  • neuropathic pain and angiokeratomas
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14
Q

What are adulthood complications of Fabry disease

A

glomerular, cerebrovascular complications

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15
Q

What are the important steps in the workup of metabolic alkalosis

A

volume status and checking urine chloride

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16
Q

Name 4 things that cause metabolic alkalosis

A
  1. loop diuretics
  2. vomiting
  3. antacid use
  4. hyperaldosteronism
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17
Q

Another name for radial head subluxation

A

nursemaid’s elbow

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18
Q

what is nursemaid’s elbow

A

sudden traction on outstretched and pronated arm of a child.
- annular ligament is torn and displaced

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19
Q

Lateral ankle sprain is due to inversion of plantar-flexed foot and involves what ligament

A

anterior talofibular ligament

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20
Q

Ankle flexion sprain damages what

A

achilles tendon

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21
Q

Eversion sprain damages what

A

medial deltoid ligament is very strong so damage medial malleolus

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22
Q

Amniocentesis is performed on a 35 year old pregnant women. the phospholipid content of the amniotic fluid is determined in order to check for

A

fetal lung maturity

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23
Q

fetal lungs are considered mature when they are producing adequate surfactant to yield what ratio

A

Lecithin /Sphingomyelin greater than 2

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24
Q

lecithin is what type of molecule? another name

A

phospholipid

- phosphatidylcholine

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25
2 functions for Type II pneumocytes
1. regeneration of alveolar lining following injury | 2. surfactant production
26
what can cause reactive arthritis and what does joint aspirate reveal?
infections (chlamydia, campylobacter, salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia) - sterile arthritis due to deposition of immune complexes -
27
Diphtheriae is cluttered on what agar
cysteine-tellurite agar | - results in black color
28
What does diphtheria produce what can be detected by what
- polyphosphate granules ( metachromatic granlues) | - methylene blue staining
29
MOA for methacholine
muscarinic cholinergic agonist | - bronchial smooth muscle contraction
30
name some atopic diseases
dermatitis asthma allergic rhinitis food allergies
31
in addition to blocking histamine receptors, first-generation antihistamines have what other properties
1. antimuscarinic 2. anti-alpha adrenergic 3. anti-serotonergic properties
32
Anticholinergic effects on ocular ciliary muscles impairs what
accommodation and cause blurring of vision for close objects
33
the cardiorespiratory response to exercise includes
- increase HR, CO, RR - constant arterial blood gas values - venous oxygen decreased - venous CO2 increased
34
In the United States, bats are a main source of what
rabies
35
agitation and spasms progressing to coma with weeks of exposure to bats is strongly suggestive of what
rabies encephalitis
36
what is used for prevention for individuals at high risk for exposure to rabid animals or their tissue
prophylactic inactivated vaccination
37
Primary adverse effects of Niacin are
flushing hyperglycemia hepatotoxicity
38
primary side effects of statins
myopathy | hepatitis
39
Fibrates ( gemfibrozil) side effects
- impair hepatic clearance of statins and increase risk of severe myopathy
40
equation for number needed to harm
1/ attributable risk
41
equation for attributable risk
difference between in risk between exposed and unexposed groups
42
interstitial myocardial granulomas are also called? what causes them
Aschoff bodies | - due to acute rheumatic fever
43
what do aschoff bodies contain
- plump macrophages with abundant cytoplasm and central, slender ribbons of chromatin ( anitschkow or caterpillar cells)
44
what is used as a marker for mast cell activation
tryptase
45
high affinity IgE receptor is found on the surface of what cells
mast and basophil cells
46
what mechanism triggers vasoactive substance release by mass cells
receptor aggregation
47
What hormones use protein kinase A
``` FLAT ChAMP FSH LH ACTH TSH CRH hCG ADH MSH PTH glucagon, calcitonin, GHRH ```
48
equation for clearance
([urine][urine flow rate] / [plasma])
49
what nerve did i damage: sensory loss over the lateral shoulder and weakness on shoulder abduction
axillary
50
long-standing pattern of eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, perceptual distortions, and social anxiety despite familiarity
schizotypal
51
what nerve is at risk of injury during thyroidectomy? what vessels is it near
- external branch of superior laryngeal nerve | - superior thyroid artery and vein
52
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates what muscle
cricothyroid
53
Lesions of the occipital cortex ( posterior cerebral artery occlusion) can produce what visual defect
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
54
What has the strongest and most predictable effects on inflammaotry component of asthma
Corticosteroids ( Fluticasone)
55
drug of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Clozapine
56
treatment with clozapine requires monitoring of what
absolute neutrophil count due to risk of agranulocytosis
57
Tetanospasmin blocks the release of what neurotransmitter
GABA | glycine
58
Name 4 things that characterize SIADH
1. low plasma sodium 2. osmolality 3. concentrated urine 4. normal body fluid volume
59
An important cause of SIADH is what
paraneoplastic effect secondary to small cell carcinoma of lungs
60
what are markers of hemolysis
1. lactase dehydrogenase 2. reticulocytosis 3. decreased haptoglobin
61
what is a distinguishing lab value for hereditary spherocytsisi
no central pallor | - mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is increased ( due to dehydration of RBC)
62
what is the most commonly transmitted bacteria transmitted through food ingestions and can cause meningitis in immunocompromised adults
listeriosis
63
gram-positive rod with tumbling motility
listeria
64
where can listera grow and makes it unique
cold temperature, can contaminate refrigerated food
65
Being vaccinated for H. flu does not cover what?
- nontypable strains | - capsular strains other than type b
66
A cystic tumor in the cerebellum of a child is most likely what
pilocytic astrocytoma
67
histo for pilocytic astrocytoma
- spindle cells with hair-like glial processes that are associated with micro cysts. - mixed with Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies
68
Name 5-alpha reducatase inhibitors
Finasteride | Dutasteride
69
emotions are transferred from the person or object causing the negative emotions to a more neutral, personally acceptable person or object
displacement
70
triad for serotonin syndrome
1. autonomic instability 2. altered mental status 3. neuromuscular irritability
71
how can Linzeolid precipitate serotonin syndrome
Linezolid has MAOI activity
72
-mab
monoclonal antibody
73
-cept
receptor molecule
74
-nib
kinase inhibitor
75
MOA for Anastrozole
aromatase inhibitors | - decrease synthesis of estrogen from androgens
76
Why is maternal serum quadruple screen performed
asses risk of congenital defects in fetuses
77
what is a cause for inaccurate pregnancy dating
history of irregular menses

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