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Uworld > Test 73: All > Flashcards

Test 73: All Flashcards

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1
Q

branches of celiac trunk

A
  1. common hepatic
  2. splenic
  3. left gastric
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2
Q

MOA for Bordetella pertussis

A

overactivates adenylate cyclase ( increase cAMP)

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3
Q

MOA for Bacillus anthracis

A

mimics adenylate cyclase enzyme ( increase cAMP)

- neutrophil and macrophage dysfunction

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4
Q

Efficacy

A

measure of maximum pharmacodynamic effect achievable with a drug

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5
Q

Potency

A

dose of drug that is required to produce a given effect

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6
Q

Lower the ED50 of a drug, what is its potency

A

more potent

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7
Q

What receptors do Epinephrine work at

A

high doses: alpha1 vasoconstriction

low doses: beta2 vasodilation , increases heart rate and contractility

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8
Q

What receptors do Epinephrine work on

A

Alpha 1 and 2

Beta

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9
Q

Phenylephrine MOA

A

selective alpha-adrenergic agonist

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10
Q

MOA Phentolamine

A

non-specific alpha-1 and alpha 2 blocker

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11
Q

Isoproterenol MOA

A

non-selective Beta adrenergic agonist

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12
Q

Atropine MOA

A

competitive antagonist at post-junctional muscarinin receptors of the heart

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13
Q

MOA of Amphotericin B

A

binds ergosterol of fungal cell membranes

- can also bind cholesterol in humans

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14
Q

toxicity of Amphotericin B

A
  1. nephrotoxicity
  2. hypokalemia
  3. hypomagnesemia
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15
Q

MOA of Griseofulvin

A

binding of micro tubular proteins

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16
Q

When is Griseofulvin used

A

against dermatophytes

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17
Q

patient has flank pain, hematuria, elevated lactate dehydrogenase ( cell necrosis) and wedge-shaped kidney on CT has what

A

renal infarction

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18
Q

Most common cause of renal infarction

A

thromboembolism

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19
Q

3rd week of pregnancy, yolk sac turns into what

A

allantois

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20
Q

What is urachus

A

duct between bladder and yolk sac

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21
Q

Allantois forms what

A

urachus

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22
Q

What is patent urachus? clinical presntation

A

total failure of urachus to obliterate

- straw-colored urine discharge from umbilicus

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23
Q

Where can ulnar nerve be injured

A
  1. medial epicondyle of humerus ( funny bone)
  2. Guyon’s canal near hook of hamate
  3. pisiform bone in wrist
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24
Q

clinical presentation for ulnar nerve injury

A
  • sensory loss over medial 1.5 digits
  • hypothenar eminence
  • weakness of wrist flexion/adduction
  • flexion of 4th/5th digits
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25
What nerve innervates coracobrachialis muscle
musculocutaneous nerve
26
Fracture of surgical neck of humerus causes what nerve injury
axillary nerve
27
Fracture of mid shaft of humerus results in what nerve injury
radial nerve
28
Subluxation of radial head can hurt what nerve
deep branch of radial nerve
29
Where does splenic artery originate from
celiac artery
30
branches from splenic artery go where
stomach and pancreas - pancreatic - short gastric - left gastroepiploic arteries
31
if splenic artery isn't getting a good supply which branch would get the least supply of blood
short gastric ( no anastomoses )
32
Define sensitivity
ability to correctly identify those with the disease
33
pinna
visibile portion of ear
34
Cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via same auricular branch
vagus nerve, rest of canal done by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
35
5-month baby consuming honey probably has what
C. botulinum spores
36
how do adults and infants consume botulinum
infants: consuming C. botulinum spores adults: consuming preformed toxin
37
List some common features of Turner syndrome
1. primary amenorrhea 2. short stature 3. high arched palate 4. widely spaced nipples
38
define Primary amenorrhea
- absence of menses by age 15 with normal female | - absence of messes by age 13 with absent secondary sex characteristics
39
Normal epithelium of bronchi
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar cells
40
what does smoking do to bronchi
squamous cell metaplasia
41
equation for Filtration fraction
GFR/RPF
42
equation for determining renal plasma?
1-hematocrit
43
Majority of left ventricular blood flow occurs during what time
diastole
44
What portion of Left ventricle is prone to ischemia
subendocardial region
45
GI ulcer is unlikely to be malignant in which location
duodenum
46
Colonic adenocarcinomas at a young age along with predisposition for extra intestinal malignancies
Lynch syndrome | hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
47
mutation in MSH2, MLH1
Lynch syndrome
48
If cardiovascular examination shows a cardiac point of maximal impulse that is palpated at the right 5th intercostal space, what does that mean
Situs inversus
49
If patient has Bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis and situs inverses >
Kartagener syndrome
50
What are common etiologies for dilated cardiomyopathy
ABCCCD - alcohol abuse - wet beriberi - Coxsackie B - Cocaine - Chagas - Doxorubicin
51
classic histo finding for tropheryma whippelii?
PAS + foamy macrophages in intestinal lamina propria
52
What are classic symptoms for Whipple disease
Cardiac, arthralgia and neurologic symptoms
53
treatment of amino salicylic acid derivatives are used for wht
Ulcerative colitis
54
treatment for whipple diseae
antibiotics
55
Cortisol increases the conversion of what in the adrenal medulla via?
norepinephrine to epinephrine | - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
56
Role of Smooth ER
has enzymes for steroid and phospholipid biosynthesis
57
what organs are rich in smooth ER
- adrenal cortex - gonads - liver
58
Growth hormone binds to cell receptors and activates what pathway
JAK-STAT pathway
59
Ductus arteriosus is derived from what embryonic arch
- sixth embryonic aortic arch
60
Where is ductus arteriosus murmur heard
left infraclavicular region
61
bulbus cords gives rise to what
smooth parts of left and right ventricle
62
Primitive atrium forms what
rough portions of left and right atria
63
Left horn of suns venosus forms what
coronary sinus
64
right horn of sinus venosus forms what
smooth part of right atrium
65
India ink staining of CSF shows what for cyptococus neoformans
round or oval budding yeast
66
Treatment for narcolepsy
1. daytime naps 2. Modafinil for daytime sleepiness first line 3. second line: amphetamines
67
What type of murmur is aortic stenosis
Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
68
When does aortic stenosis start and stop
- starts after first heart sound | - ends before A2 component of second heart sound
69
Patients with chronic aortic stenosis and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, what contributes significantly to left ventricular filling
atrial contraction
70
1-day-old infant has flat facial profile, protruding tongue, and small ears? what does baby have
Down syndrome
71
what is the number one cause for Down syndrome
meiotic nondisjunction
72
Reduced pulmonary parenchymal compliance is hallmark of what disease
pulmonary fibrosis
73
Antibodies to citrullinated peptides/proteins have a high specificity for what disease
rheumatoid arthritis
74
Anti-centromere antibodies are found in what
CREST syndrome
75
Anti-dsDNA is found in what
systemic lupus erythematosus
76
what is rheumatoid factor
autoantibodies targeting the Fc portion of human IgG
77
Where does hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis occur
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
78
most important virulence factor that uropathogenic E. coli express
P. fimbriae
79
ovarian torsion usually involves what ligament
infundibulopelvic ligament
80
what does ovarian ligament contain
nothing
81
what does infundibulopelvic ligament contain
ovarian vessels
82
chronic opioid users do not develop tolerance to what side effects
constipation and miosis
83
what is rheumatoid factor
IgM antibody

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