Test 77: Musculo

Question 1

Fas receptor initiates what pathway

Answer 1

extrinsic pathway of apoptosis

Question 2

Fas-FasL is necessary for what process

Answer 2

thymic medullary negative selection

Question 3

Brith defect with maternal diabetes

Answer 3

• Caudal regression syndrome
• congenital heart defect
• neural tube defects
• macrosomia

Question 4

What is caudal regression syndrome

Answer 4

• anal atresia
• sirenomelia
• flaccid paralysis of legs
• urinary incontenance

Question 5

vegans are at risk for what vitamin deficiency

Answer 5

B12

Question 6

Where does posterior cruciate ligament insert and orginiate

Answer 6

• origin: anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle

- inserts: posterior intercondylar area of tibia

Question 7

lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is cause by overuse of what

Answer 7

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 8

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum are involved in what hand function

Answer 8

wrist extension

Question 9

Alkaptonuria is a deficiency in what

Answer 9

homogentisic acid deoxygenate

Question 10

Homogentisic acid deoxygenate does what

Answer 10

tyrosine metabolism

Question 11

Excess homogentisc acid have what physical characteristics

Answer 11

• blue-black deposits in connective tissues/eye
• ear cartilage hyperpigmentaion
• osteoarthropathy of spine and large joints

Question 12

What are serum values for primary osteoporosis

Answer 12

Calcium, phosphorus and PTH are normal

Question 13

Prophylatic therapy for gout is

Answer 13

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

- allopurinal and febuxastat

Question 14

MOA for Infliximab

Answer 14

anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody

Question 15

Gram negative, oxidase positive, nonlactose fermetning, motile rods that produce green pigment

Answer 15

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 16

How is vertebral osteomyelitis diagnosed

Answer 16

MRI of spine

Question 17

Parvovirus can mimic what other disease

Answer 17

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

Primary mechanism in giant cell arteritis

Answer 18

Cell-mediated immunity

- production of cytokines like IL-6

Question 19

patient with headaches, visual and muscular symptoms , and enlarged temporal artery and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate has what

Answer 19

giant cell arteritis

Question 20

how do androgens make acne

Answer 20

stimulate follicular epidermal hyperproliferation and excessive sebum production

Question 21

Chronic or recurrent glucocorticoid use, as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, is associated with side effect

Answer 21

osteoporosis

Question 22

Bone specific alkaline phosphatase reflects what acitivty

Answer 22

osteoblastic activity

Question 23

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and urinary deoxypyridinoline reflect what activity? which one is more reliable

Answer 23

osteoclast activity

- urine deoxypyridinoline

Question 24

Baby develops constipation, lethargy, hypotonia, macroglassia, an umbilical hernia, and large anterior fontanelle?

Answer 24

congenital hypothyroidism

Question 25

ATP binding to myosin causes what

Answer 25

release of myosin head from its binding site on actin filament

Question 26

MOA of Fluoxetine

Answer 26

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 27

Most common cause of death in Marfan

Answer 27

cardiovascular complicatons | - aortic root dilation, dissection and rupture

Question 28

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a defect in what

Answer 28

encoding type I collagen

Question 29

2nd line agent for treating acute gouty arthritis

Answer 29

Colchicine

Question 30

MOA for Colchicine

Answer 30

inhibits tubulin polymerization and microtubule formation in leukocytes

Question 31

Side effects of Colchicine

Answer 31

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 32

MOA for Probenecid

Answer 32

decreases proximal tubular uric acid reabsorption

Question 33

Long term use proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole may be associated with increased risk of

Answer 33

- osteoporotic hip fractures - C. difficile infection - pneumonia

Question 34

protein A is virulence factor for what? where is it located

Answer 34

- Staphylococcus aureus | - peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 35

MOA of protein A

Answer 35

binds Fc-IgG | -decrease complement, opsonization and phagocytosis

Question 36

equation for case-fatality rate

Answer 36

- dividing number of fatal cases by total number of people with disease

Question 37

First line treatment for rheumatoid artheritis

Answer 37

Methotrexate

Question 38

side effect of Hydroxychloroquine

Answer 38

irreversible retinopathy

Question 39

Patient has acute joint pain, swelling, and erythema with restricted range of motion is consistent with

Answer 39

synovitis

Question 40

What is found in CREST syndrome

Answer 40

- calcinosis - Raynaud's phenomenon - Esophageal dysmotility - Sclerodactyly - telangiectasias

Question 41

What antibody is found in CREST

Answer 41

anti-centromere antibodies

Question 42

Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibodies are specific for what disease

Answer 42

systemic sclerosis

Question 43

sclerodactyly

Answer 43

thickening of the skin of the hands and feet

Question 44

Anti-ds DNA specefic for

Answer 44

SLE

Question 45

Anti-histone antibodies found in

Answer 45

drug-induced lupus

Question 46

Anti-RO/SSA and anti La/SSB found in

Answer 46

Sjogren syndrome

Question 47

H band is what region

Answer 47

only thick filaments

Question 48

Where is supraspinatous tendon located

Answer 48

acromion and head of humorous

Question 49

Antimitochondiral antibodies are found in who

Answer 49

primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 50

fracture hook of hamate is what nerve

Answer 50

ulnar nerve

Question 51

What is contracture

Answer 51

during wound healing, excessive metalloproteinase and myofibroblast accumulation in wound

Question 52

Triad for McCune-Albright syndrome

Answer 52

1. fibrous dysplasia of bone 2. endocrine abnormalities 3. cafe-au-lait spots

Question 53

Patient has severe left pain, hyperthyroidism, shows large hyper pigmented macules with irregular borders located on left shoulder.

Answer 53

McCune-Albright syndrome

Question 54

Osteocytes talk to each other via

Answer 54

gap junctions