Test 94: Incorrect Flashcards by Bina Malapur

Koilocytosis is hallmark of what disease

HPV infection

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Characterize Koilocytes

pyknotic, superficial or immature squamous cells with dense, irregularly staining cytoplasm and perinuclear halo-like clearing

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pyknotic

nuclear shrinkage

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Genome for HPV

double-stranded, non- enveloped DNA virus

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Actinomyces-like organisms appear how on pap smear

cotton candy

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how does polyhydramnios present in a pregnant women

increased abdominal circumference out of proportion to gestational age

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Fetal anomalies associated with Polyhydramnios are

GI obstruction ( duodenal, esophageal, or intestinal atresia)
anencephaly

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Mother having what increases the risk of polyhydramnios

maternal diabetes

- multiple gestations

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Selecting a group of individuals, determining their exposure status, and the following them over time for development of disease interest

Prospective cohort study

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For leukocyte extravasation, what is used in rolling

L-selectin on neutrophils

- E-selectin/P-selectin on endothelial cells

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how do neutrophils become firmly attached to endothelium

CD 18 beta 2 integrins ( mac-1 and LFA-1) to intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)

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How do neutrophils migrate out of vasculature

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)

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Some clinical features of leukocyte adhesion deficiency

absent pus formation

- delayed separation of umbilical cord

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HPV 16 and 18 are strongly associated with what

anal and cervical squamous cell carcinoma

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who is at greatest risk for anal carcinoma

gay men

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Anterior nose bleeds occur in what area of nose

nasal septum known as Kiesselbach plexus

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what is the source of posterior nose blleds

posterolateral branches

- severe and usually cannot be treated with cautery

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5 year old girl’s skin becomes red and scaling with only minimal sun exposure. Skin is thin and hyper pigmented. Few nevi on her hands and have been rapidly growing. what does she have

xeroderma pigmentosum

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What goes wrong in Falcon anemia

hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents

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mutation in Rb is associated with what diseases

retinoblastoma

- osteosarcoma

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what is the defect in xeroderma pigmentosum

defect in DNA excisional repair

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Suspicious, distrustful, hypervigilant

paranoid

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perfers to be a loner, detached, unemotional

Schizoid

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Eccentric; odd thoughts, perceptions and behavior

Schizotypal

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Disregard and violation of the rights of others

antisocial

Chaotic reltationships, sensitivity to abandonment labile mood, impulsivity, inner emptiness, self-harm

boderline

dramatic, superficial, attention-seeking

histrionic

Grandiosity, lack of empathy

Narcissistic

Avoidance due to fears of criticism and rejection

avoidant

Submissive, clingy, needs to be taken care of

Dependent

Rigid, controlling, perfectionistic

obsessive- compulsive

How is glucose transported in proximal tubule

sodium-coupled, carrier-mediated

what are the myeloproliferative disorders

1. chronic myeloid leukemia 2. Polycythemia vera 3. essential thrombocythemia 4. Myelofibrosis

What causes myelofibrosis? then what happens

- neoplastic proliferation of megakaryocytes | - Megakaryocytes produce PDGF causing marrow fibrosis

Clinical features of myelofibrosis

- pancytopenia - Hepatomegaly - Splenomegaly

Lab features of Myelofibrosis

tear drop cells

Which chronic myeloproliferative disorders have a a JAK2 kinase mutation

1. Myelofibrosis 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. polycythemia vera

translocation for acute promyeloctic leukemia

15;17

translocation for mantle cell lymphoma

11;14

what type of drug is chlorpheniramine

fist-generation antihistamine

first-generation antihistamines have what anti- properties

1. antimuscarinic 2. anti-alpha adrenergic 3. anti-serotonergic

How do anticholinergics impact eye

impair accommodation

what aging process can cause isolated systolic hypertension

- aortic stiffening | - stiffness of major peripheral arteries

MOA for methimazole

inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by suppressing iodination and coupling of tyrosine

Some side effects for phenytoin

- Gingival hyperplasia ( expresses PDGF) - cerebellum and vestibular system ( ataxia and nystagmus) - DRESS syndrome

when does dystrophic calcification occur

- all types of necrosis - normal calcium levels - secondary to chronic hemodynamic stress

when does metastatic calcification occur

in normal tissue in setting of hypercalcemia

Intracellular hemosiderin accumulation is seen in who

- hemolytic anemia | - frequent transfusion

Name 3 antibiotics that can disrupt the peptidoglycan cell wall of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms

- Penicillins, - cephalosporins - vancomycin

role of peptidoglycan cell wall

- ability to survive osmotic stress

What type of drug is Cefuroxime

2nd generation cephalosporin

drugs the inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit

- tetracycline | - Aminoglycoside

MAO of ciprofloxacin

inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

drugs that inhibit 50S ribosomal subunit

Chloramphenical | Azithromycin

Location for Blasomycosis

Eastern United States Central America - some states adjacent to and east of Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

how does listeria survive intracellularly

- lyse vacuolar membrane through action of listeriolysin O, pore forming toxin

how does the body eliminate listeria from the body

cell-mediated immunity

How does cholesterol leave the body

1. excretion free cholesterol into bile | 2. conversion of cholesterol into bile acids

high levels of bile salts and phosphatidylcholine do what to cholesterol solubility

increase cholesterol solubility and decrease risk of gallstones

Sudden upward jerking of the arm at the shoulder can cause injury to what

lower trunk of brachial plexus

lower trunk of the brachial plexus carries nerve fibers from? nerves

C8 and T1 | - median and ulnar nerves

Functional defects of Klumpke palsy

1. paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles | 2. total claw hand deformity

ACE normally does what to bradykinin

degrade it

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers reduce the risk of what disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes

chronic kidney diseae

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an embryonic derivative of what

6th aortic arch

What is pterion region

frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones meet in skull

injury to pterion injury involves what artery, causing

middle meningeal artery | - epidural hematoma

middle meningeal artery is a bunch of what artery

maxillary artery

what substitution happens in sickle cell

valine for glutamic acid

phenylalanine deletion is most common cause of what

cystic fibrosis

What goes wrong in achalasia

- disordered esophageal motility ( loss of auerbach plexus) | - inability to relax lower esophageal sphincter

Spinal cord shows symmetric myelin layer vacuolization and axonal degeneration involving posterior columns and lateral corticospinal tracts. has what condition

B12 deficiency

Xanthelasma is associated with what

- primary or secondary hyperlipidemia | - primary biliary cirrhosis

Psammoma bodies are seen in what

- Papillary carcinoma of thyroid - Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary - Meningioma - Malignant mesothelioma

Meningioma come from wha

arachnoid cells

symptoms for meningioma

- seizures or focal neurologic signs

Difference between subarachnoid hemorrhage and pituitary apoplexy

apoplexiy has bitemporal hemianopsia

patient with pituitary apoplexy can develop what organ collpase

cardiovascular

Hallmark of atopic dermatitis

intense pruritus

Normal pressure or Superior vena cava and Right atrium

- less than 5 mm Hg

normal pressure of right ventricle

25/5

pressure of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

4-12

Name 4 enzymes that eliminate free radicals

- superoxide dismutase - Glutathione peroxidase - catalase

The best and most reliable auscultatory indicator of the degree of mitral stenosis is

A2-OS interval

What drugs irreversibly binds to penicllin-binding proteins such as transpeptidase

- Penicillin | - cephalosporins

Transpeptidase

- form on penicillin-binding protein that function to cross-link peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall

mechanism of resistant for caphalosporins

structural change in peniclllin-binding proteins ( transpeptidase)

Pretreatment with propranolol before Epinephrine effects

gets rid of Beta effects on epinephrine | - leaving only alpha effects