Test 79-80: cardio embryology/physiology

Question 1

Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by what

Answer 1

anteriosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

Question 2

Most common cause of early childhood cyanosis

Answer 2

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 3

What maneuver does a child do to for Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 3

squatting

• increase after load
• decreases right to left shunt

Question 4

Anomalous pulmonary venous return

Answer 4

• blood from both pulmonary ( oxygenated) and systemic (deoxygenated) venous systems flow into right atrium

Question 5

Endocardial cushion defect causes what

Answer 5

atrioventricular septum and valves

Question 6

Linear development of aorticopulomnary septum causes what

Answer 6

transposition of great arteries

Question 7

An echocardiogram shows an aorta lying anterior to pulmonary artery is diagnostic for what

Answer 7

transposition of great arteries

Question 8

What causes hypospadias

Answer 8

failure of urethral folds to fuse

Question 9

Failure of conotruncal separation results in

Answer 9

truncus arteriosus

Question 10

What causes patent foramen ovale

Answer 10

failure of septum premium and septum secundum to fuse after birth

Question 11

What is the difference between atrial septal defect and foramen ovale

Answer 11

atrial septal defect: septa missing tissue

Foramen ovale: not fusing

Question 12

Nerve and structure for aortic arch 1

Answer 12

Trigeminal

Maxillary artery

Question 13

nerve and structure for aortic arch 2

Answer 13

Facial

Stapedial artery

Question 14

nerve and structure for aortic arch 3

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal
Common carotid artery
Prox. internal carotid artery

Question 15

nerve and structure for 4 aortic arch

Answer 15

superior laryngeal branch of vagus

• true aortic arch
• subclavian arteries

Question 16

nerve and structure for aortic arch 5

Answer 16

obliterated

Question 17

nerve and structure for aortic arch 6

Answer 17

Reccurent laryngeal branch of vagus
pulmonary arteries
ductus arteriosus

Question 18

Nitroprusside impact on preload, after load, and Stroke volume

Answer 18

decrease preload and after load

- same stroke volume

Question 19

How does exercise impact inotropy and TPR

Answer 19

increases ionotropy and decreases TPR to maximize cardiac output

Question 20

How do vasopressors impact on TPR

Answer 20

Increase TPR

Question 21

Effect of substance A and B together equal to sum of their individual drugs

Answer 21

addtitive

Question 22

Presence of substance A is required for full effects of substance B

Answer 22

Permissive

Question 23

Effect of substance A and B together is greater than the sum of their individual effects

Answer 23

Synergistic

Question 24

Acute decrease in response to a drug after initial/repeated administration

Answer 24

tachyphylactic

Question 25

rank the cardiac action potential conduction speed from slowest to fastest

Answer 25

Park at Ventura Avenue - Purkenje - Atrial - Ventricle - AV node

Question 26

Bounding femoral pulses and carotid pulsations accompanied by head bobbing is what valve problem

Answer 26

aortic regurgitation

Question 27

Holosystolic murmur that increase in intensity in inpsiration more likely is what valve problem

Answer 27

tricuspid regurgitation

Question 28

MOA for Ivabradine

Answer 28

- slows heart rate - no effect on cardiac contractility - inhibits funny sodium channels