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Flashcards in AFIB Deck (21)
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0
Q

Chronic AFIB can lead to?

A
  1. Rapid ventricular rate leading to myocardial ischemia or exacerbation of heart failure
  2. Thrombus formation in the noncontractile atria leading to embolization
1
Q

Rates of atrial depolarization in a afib?

A

300 400 bpm

2
Q

Two most common causes of atrial fibrillation?

A

Hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis

3
Q

Medications that can cause atrial fibrillation?

A

Theophylline, caffeine, digitalis

4
Q

Congenital heart diseases that can lead to atrial fibrillation?

A

Atrial septal defect, Ebstein anomaly

5
Q

Causes of atrial fibrillation?

A
I SMART CHAP
Inflammatory disease (Pericarditis, myocarditis)
Surgery
Medications
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
Rheumatic heart disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Congenital heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease
Alcohol consumption
Pulmonary disease
6
Q

In a patient in acute atrial fibrillation that is hemodynamically unstable(?), Tx?

A

Hemodynamically unstable = hypertensive, angina pectoris, or pulmonary edema

Use direct current cardioversion

7
Q

If patient in acute Atrial fibrillation is hemodynamically stable, treatment?

A

Intravenous beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or digoxin to control ventricular rate

8
Q

If atrial fibrillation exceeds 48 hours, increased risk of what?

A

Intra-atrial thrombus formation

9
Q

After 48 hours of atrial fibrillation what should be given prior to and after cardioversion? Alternatively? Can also treat with what drugs?

A

3 to 4 weeks of warfarin therapy. Alternatively, low-risk patients can undergo transesophageal echo to exclude the presence of atrial thrombus. Can try to treat with procainamide, sotalol, and amiodarone

10
Q

Two factors that decrease the chance of successful cardioversion to sinus rhythm after AFIB?

A

Left atrial dilation (greater than 4.5 cm) and duration of atrial fibrillation

11
Q

Treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke? (By how much?)

A

Warfarin decreases risk of stroke by two-thirds

12
Q

Goal INR with warfarin treatment and chronic atrial fibrillation (If atrial fibrillation is not caused by valvular disease)?

A

2 to 3

13
Q

Lonely AFIB? Risk of stroke? Treatment?

A

Atrial fibrillation that develops in patients younger than 60 years without evidence of structural heart disease, hypertension, or other factors for stroke. Risk of stroke is very low. Anticoagulation with warfarin is not used. Use low-dose aspirin

14
Q

If, with warfarin anticoagulation, INR is greater than 6, give?

A

Vitamin K without bleeding. Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma if bleeding

15
Q

AFIB can be life-threatening with this preexcitation syndrome

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

16
Q

Mechanism of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Accessory pathway provides an alternate route for electrical communication between the atria and ventricles leading to early ventricular depolarization that begins before AV node conduction

17
Q

ECG sign for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? Effect on QRS complex and PR interval?

A

Delta wave. Widens the QRS complex and shortens the PR interval

18
Q

Avoid these drugs and Wolff-Parkinson-White patients with atrial fibrillation (why?)

A

Digoxin, verapamil And other AV node blocking agents. These Increased ventricular rate.

19
Q

Tx for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Procainamide or ibutilide to slow conduction and convert the rhythm to sinus

20
Q

In patients with atrial fibrillation with a heart rate of 140 bpm and blood pressure of 75/48, tx?

A

DC cardioversion

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