Hyperlipidemia Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hyperlipidemia Deck (13)
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0
Q

Cut off for elevated cholesterol?

A

200

1
Q

LDL equals?

A

LDL = Total cholesterol - HDL - triglycerides/5

2
Q

Who are high-risk patients for Coronary heart disease? Target LDL?

A
  1. Atherosclerotic vascular disease (20% risk of coronary events in 10 years)
  2. Diabetes

LDL goal <100

3
Q

Who are “very high risk” patients for coronary heart disease? Goal LDL?

A

Patients with established coronary heart disease plus

a) multiple risk factors
b) poorly controlled risk factor
c) recent acute coronary event

LDL <70

4
Q

Coronary heart disease risk factors?

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Hypertension (or patients on antihypertensives)
  3. HDL 45 or women >55
  4. Family history of premature coronary artery disease (men <65)
5
Q

Strata for 10 year risk of cardiovascular events?

A

Low risk if <100

6
Q

Primary versus secondary prevention?

A

Primary – decreasing risk in hypercholesterolemic patients without history of coronary heart disease

Secondary – reducing mortality in patients who have established cardiovascular disease

7
Q

Ways to Prevent CHD?

A
  1. Lifestyle modifications

2. If lifestyle modifications not enough: Statins

8
Q

Statins: main therapeutic effects? Side effects? Monitoring?

A

Mainly lowers LDL (also lowers triglycerides and increases HDL); hepatic injury/myositis. Monitor LFTs and creatine kinase

9
Q

Niacin: main therapeutic effects? Side effects? Address side effects by?

A

Mainly lowers triglycerides (lowers LDL and raises HDL). Flushing, tachycardia, Flushing relieved by aspirin

10
Q

Bile acid resins: example? main therapeutic effects? Side effects?

A

Cholestyramine. Mainly lowers LDL (raises HDL). G.I. discomfort

11
Q

Fibric acid derivatives: example? main therapeutic effects? Side effects? Monitoring?

A

Gemfibrozil. Mainly lowers triglycerides (increases HDL) gallstones and increased LFTs. Caution if used with statins

12
Q

Healthy young adults with no history of vascular disease should have routine cholesterol screenings how often?

A

Every five years (Cholesterol levels do not change rapidly a lifetime)

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