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Flashcards in HyperCa Deck (16)
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0
Q

Acute hypercalcemia with low PTH?

A

Malignancy – PTHrP

1
Q

Causes of acute hypercalcemia with a high PTH?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism, MEN

2
Q

Chronic hypercalcemia with low PTH?

A

Granulomatous disease, immobilization

genetic: familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

OD: milk-alkali syndrome, vitamin D intoxication

Drugs: thiazides, Li

endo: adrenal insufficiency hyperthyroidism

3
Q

Patient with hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated PTH? Treatment?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism. Medical therapy or surgery

4
Q

Lithium presents like?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

5
Q

Treatment of malignancy related hypercalcemia?

A
  1. Tumor treatment
  2. Bisphosphonates
  3. Calcitonin
6
Q

Low PTH levels and elevated 1, 25 vitamin D levels? Treatment?

A

Sarcoidosis. Avoid sunlight, decrease vitamin D and calcium intake, glucocorticoids

7
Q

Mechanism of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis?

A

Excess 1, 25 vitamin D synthesized in macrophages and lymphocytes

8
Q

Low PTH levels, elevated 25 vitamin D, normal 1, 25 vitamin D. Tx?

A

Excessive vitamin D intake. Glucocorticoids

9
Q

Acute treatments of hypercalcemia?

A
  1. Hydration plus diuretic
  2. Calcitonin
  3. Dialysis
10
Q

Subacute treatment for hypercalcemia?

A

Bisphosphonate

11
Q

Long-term treatment for hypercalcemia?

A

Glucocorticoids

12
Q

Symptoms of Hypercalcemia <12

A

Polyurea and dehydration

13
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcemia >13

A
  1. Neuro: (lethargy, stupor, coma)
  2. G.I. (anorexia, nausea, constipation, ulcers)
  3. Kidney (polyurea, nephrolithiasis, prerenal azotemia)
  4. Musculoskeletal (arthralgias, myalgias, weakness)
14
Q

Indications for parathyroid surgery?

A

Hypercalcemia >15

Age <-2.5

30
Q

Patient presenting with acute onset of symptomatic hypocalcemia likely has?

A

Malignancy (multiple myeloma, Lymphoma leukemia, or breast, lung or kidney cancer)

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