Hyperthyroidism Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hyperthyroidism Deck (21)
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0
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on Neuromuscular system?

A

Brisk reflexes, inability to concentrate, proximal muscle weakness, insomnia

1
Q

Treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A

Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation

2
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on cardiac system?

A

Wide pulse pressure, heart murmurs, tachycardia, AFIB, High-output heart failure

3
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on G.I. tract?

A

Increased food intake with weight loss and hyperdefecation

4
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on eyes?

A

Lid lag and retraction upper eyelid

Exophthalmos if Graves’ disease

5
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on the reproductive system?

A

Women: infertility and oligomenorrhea

Men: reduced sperm count, impotence, gynecomastia

6
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism on skin?

A

Warm, moist, velvety, alopecia

7
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism in older patients?

A

Less adrenergic features and instead present with depression, weight loss, Afib, worsening angina or CHF

8
Q

Thyroid storm?

A
Decompensated thyrotoxicosis
Tachycardia >140
Fever (104-106)
Agitation/delirium
Vomiting and diarrhea
9
Q

Treatment of thyroid storm?

A

1 fluids
2 antibiotics
3 Anti-thyroid medications:
IODINE SOLUTION (to block the release of thyroid hormone,)
PROPRANOLOL to control adrenergic symptoms, GLUCOCORTICOIDS to decrease T4 to T3 conversion

10
Q

Causes of thyrotoxicosis?

A
1 Graves' disease
2 toxic multinodular goiter
3 adenoma
4 thyroiditis
5 medications
11
Q

Graves’ disease: epidemiology? Mechanism?

A

Women ages 30 to 50

Autoantibodies that activate TSH receptor

12
Q

Thyrotoxicosis in pregnant patients can cause?

A

Antibodies cross placenta and cause neonatal thyrotoxicosis

13
Q

Physical exam signs of Graves’ disease?

A

Goiter, thyroid bruit, Exophthalmus, diplopia, dermopathy (Raised hyperpigmented orange peel papules) and myxedema

14
Q

Confirmatory tests for Graves disease?

A
  1. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin

2. Thyroid uptake scan showing diffusely increased iodine uptake

15
Q

Methimazole versus PTU?

A

Peripheral effects versus the peripheral and central effects

16
Q

Toxic multinodular corridor: test? treatment?

A

Focal increased iodine uptake on scan

Radioactive iodine or surgery

17
Q

Pummer disease: Mechanism? Radioactive scan results? Risk of malignancy if?

A

Hyper functioning adenoma (no symptoms unless nodule >3 cm)

Iodine scan shows hot nodule with suppressed rest of gland (Flag of Japan)

Hot nodules are never malignant. Cold nodules have 5 to 10% risk

18
Q

Subacute thyroiditis caused by? Sx? Treatment?

A

de Quervain is an inflammatory viral illness with thyroid pain and tenderness. Last for several weeks to months. NSAIDs and beta blockers

19
Q

Medication can cause hyperthyroidism?

A

Amiodarone

20
Q

Masses outside thyroid that can cause thyrotoxicosis?

A

Pituitary adenoma
Hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma
Ovarian teratomas (struma ovarii)

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