Culture 40

Question 1

SAMPLING

Answer 1

• The selection of units of analysis (for example, people or institutions) for study.
• Can involve attempts to statistically represent a population, in which case a variety of random or probability methods are available.
• Alternatively, it can be opportunistic, or formed by emerging theoretical concerns of a researcher.

Question 2

SAPIR: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (SWH) (also known as the “linguistic relativity hypothesis”)

Answer 2

• Is a theory that different languages produce different ways of thinking.
• It postulates a systematic relationship between the grammatical categories of the language a person speaks and how that person both understands the world and behaves in it.

Question 3

SCAPEGOATING

Answer 3

The directing of hostility towards less powerful groups when the actual source of frustration or anger cannot be attacked or is unavailable.

Question 4

SCHEMA

Answer 4

An organized pattern of knowledge, acquired from past experience, humans use to interpret current experience.

Question 5

SCHIZOID VIEW-OF APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY

Answer 5

Is the belief that anthropologists should help carry out, but not make or criticize, policy, and that personal value judgments should be kept strictly separate from scientific investigation in applied anthropology.

Question 6

SCIENCE

Answer 6

Systematically acquired knowledge that is verifiable.

Question 7

SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE

Answer 7

As distinguished from Western medicine, a health-care system based on scientific knowledge and procedures, encompassing such fields as pathology, microbiology, biochemistry, surgery, diagnostic technology, and applications.

Question 8

SCRIPT

Answer 8

A conceptual representation of a stereotyped sequence of events.

Question 9

SEASONAL ROUND

Answer 9

The annual pattern followed in the production of food.

Question 10

SECONDARY ANALYSIS

Answer 10

Analysis of data by researchers unconnected with the original purposes of the data collection, as where academic researchers use data sets gathered as a part of government social surveys.

Question 11

SECONDARY SOURCES

Answer 11

• Analyses or restatements of primary sources (records of events as they are first described or original data) by other authors or researchers.
• Secondary sources might take the form of research reports, news articles, biographies, documentaries or history books) used to gain an understanding of a topic. Primary sources might be poems, raw tabulations of census data, video recordings or other records of observation.
• The use of secondary sources should be distinguished from secondary analysis of other researchers’ original data (a primary source).

Question 12

SECULAR

Answer 12

Things not regarded as religious or spiritual.

Question 13

SEGMENTARY LINEAGE ORGANIZATION

Answer 13

• Political organization based on descent, usually patrilineal, with multiple descent segments that form at different genealogical levels and function in different contexts.
• A segmentary lineage society is characterized by the organization of the society into segments; what is often referred to as a tribal society.

Question 14

SEGMENTARY LINEAGE ORGANIZATION (SLO)

Answer 14

Political organization based on descent, usually patrilineal, with multiple descent segments that form at different genealogical levels and function in different contexts.

Question 15

SELECTIVE EXPOSURE

Answer 15

Seeking information to support one’s attitudes and beliefs and intentionally avoiding information that is incosistent with one’s attitude.