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Flashcards in Morgan Wins at Biochem Deck (23)
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1
Q

What causes hemoglobin c

A

single aa substitution in Hb

2
Q

What is the mutation seen in HbS

A

Valine replaces glutamic acid

promotes hydrophobic rxn between hemoglobins–> sickling

3
Q

What controls the balance between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis

A

Fructose 2,6- bisphosphate, which regulates phosphofructokinase 1

4
Q

name a thing b12 does biochem like with blood

A

methylmalonyl coa– (b12 and MM CoA mutase) –> succinyl coa

this rxn goes to make heme

5
Q

Most common urea cycle disorder

A

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

X linked

body can’t eliminate ammonia well

6
Q

If you dont eat it, how else can you get niacin

A

Tryptophan makes niacin (needs b2 and b6)

7
Q

What does mTOR do

A

iL-2 –> mTOR–> gene

8
Q

Glucose leaves the liver and goes to the muscle. what happens next on the way back to liver

A

glu–> pyruvate–> alanine

Alanine is here to pickup AA waste

alanine–> liver–> NH2 to the urea cycle –> pyruvate–> glucose–> etc

9
Q

what is missing in gaucher

A

b-glucocerebrosidase

10
Q

what are gaucher cells

A

macs with”wrinkled tissue paper” appearance from glucocerebroside accumulation

11
Q

what pathway does glucagon use

A

↑ glucagon –> ↑ cAMP –> ↑ Protein kinase a –> –> gluconeogenesis

12
Q

how does epinephrine work in the liver

A

↑ epi–> beta receptor –> ↑ cAMP –> ↑ protein kinase A–> ↑ glycogen phosphorylase kinase –> ↑ glucose

same of glucogon

13
Q

what receptors ↑ protein kinase a

A

Gi and Gs

14
Q

what does protein kinase a do?

A

↑ Ca

blocks myosin light chain phosphorylase in smooth muscle

15
Q

what can lead to ↑ protein kinase c

A

DAG. from Gq

16
Q

so… you wanna make glucose. what energy source gets you from TCA back up the chain

A

GTP- which comes from the TCA

succinyl coa–> succinate makes GTP

17
Q

What is the power source of anaerobic gycolysis

A

niacin

18
Q

insulin goes to its TK–> watch pathway leads to growth

A

RAS/ MAP

19
Q

insulin goes to its TK. what pathway goes to ↑ GLUT 4

A

PI3K

20
Q

what can riboflavin make

A

FMN and FAD

21
Q

if you give methotrexate what happens

A

dihydrofolate is inhibited (usually this makes tetrahydrofolate)

folic acid and dihydrofolate acculumulates

22
Q

blister porphyria is missing what

A

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

23
Q

if you are missing carnitine, what will be wrong

A

Fat degradation will not work

toxic accumulation in mitochondria

s/s: Weakness, hypotonia
↓ glucose, ketones