NBDE ANATOMICAL SCIENCES: Blood

Question 1

where would you find yellow bone marrow in an adult

a. ribs
b. vertebrae
c. cranial bones
d. epiphysis of humerus
e. diaphysis of femur

Answer 1

e. diaphysis of femur

Question 2

the diaphysis is the _ part of the bone

Answer 2

long shaft

Question 3

yellow marrow is found in the hollow center of the diaphysis (long shaft of bone) known as the ____

Answer 3

medullary cavity

Question 4

are bones solid structures

Answer 4

no

Question 5

cavities in the cranial bones, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and the ends of long bones contain

Answer 5

red bone marrow

Question 6

red/yellow bone marrow produces blood tissue, RBC, WBC, thrombocytes

Answer 6

red bone marrow = hemopoiesis

Question 7

hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow are

Answer 7

multipotent stem cells = give rise to all formed elements in blood

Question 8

progenitor cells are

Answer 8

commited cells formed by hemoctyoblasts

Question 9

_ develop from proerythroblasts

Answer 9

erythrocytes

Question 10

_ develop from megakaryocytes

Answer 10

platelets

Question 11

when a child is _ years of age, yellow bone marrow appears in the distal bones of the ___

Answer 11

7

limbs

Question 12

the yellow bone marrow begins to form in distal limb bones and as the kid becomes an adult the yellow marrow replaces the red marrow moving__

Answer 12

proximally

Question 13

by the time you are an adult, the red bone marrow is restricted to which bones

Answer 13

skull, vertebrae, thoracic cage, girdle bones, and the head of the humerus and femur.

Question 14

at birth all bone marrow is red/yellow

Answer 14

red

Question 15

which are agranulocytes:

basophil/eosinophil/lymphocyte/monocyte/ neutrophils/macrophages

Answer 15

lymphocytes and monocytes

macrophages

Question 16

which have a kidney shaped nucleus?

basophil/eosinophil/lymphocyte/monocyte/ neutrophils/macrophages

Answer 16

monocytes

Question 17

which have a round nucleus with little cytoplasm

basophil/eosinophil/lymphocyte/monocyte/ neutrophils/macrophages

Answer 17

lymphocytes

Question 18

which have lobed nucleus

basophil/eosinophil/lymphocyte/monocyte/ neutrophils/macrophages

Answer 18

neutrophils and eosinophils

Question 19

1. the granulocytes are

2. the agranulocytes are?

Answer 19

1. BEN - basophil, eosinophil, neutrophils

2. MLL: monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes

Question 20

which have red/yellow granules

basophil, eosinophil, neutrophils

Answer 20

eosinophils

Question 21

which have purple granules

basophil, eosinophil, neutrophils

Answer 21

basophils

Question 22

basophils release (3)

Answer 22

histamine, heparin, and serotonin

Question 23

do we have more platelets or erythrocytes

Answer 23

erythrocytes (5 million)

platelets 150,000-300,000

Question 24

absolute neutrophil count measures cells per microliter. a risk of infection increases dramatically with a reading of

Question 25

the average life span of RBC

Answer 25

120 days

Question 26

differentiation stages of erythroblast?

Answer 26

hemocytoblast --> common myeloid progenitor -->unipotent stem cell --> proerythroblast -->basophilic erythroblast --> polychromatophilic erythroblast --> normoblast --> reticulocyte --> erythrocyte

Question 27

principal function of RBC

Answer 27

transport oxygen and CO2

Question 28

in the lungs Hg is called_ | in the tissues Hg is called_

Answer 28

oxyhemoglobin | carbaminohemoglobin

Question 29

70% of CO2 is transported by the __

Answer 29

blood plasma as bicarb ions

Question 30

the portion of RBC in blood is called

Answer 30

hematocrit (46% males and 40% females)

Question 31

the PRECURSOR CELL in the red bone marrow that gives rise to ALL of the formed elements of the blood

Answer 31

hematocytoblast = pluripotent stem cells

Question 32

hematocytoblast give rise to various

Answer 32

multipotent progenitor cells (aka colony forming cells)

Question 33

granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the hormone that

Answer 33

stimulates precursor cells in bone marrow to differentiate into WBC

Question 34

sickle cell anemia is autosomal

Answer 34

recessive blood disorder

Question 35

the sickle cells block

Answer 35

blood flow by getting stuck in bv

Question 36

what has been mutated in sickle cell

Answer 36

hydrophilic glutamic acid (polar) is substituted with hydrophobic valine (to remember which substituted which remember E ==> V are the amino acids and V looks like the sickle cell therefore that is what has replaced the original E (glutamate)

Question 37

1. genetic deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) = hemolytic crisis, secondary to decreased _ 2. induced by

Answer 37

NADPH | sulfa drugs, oxidants and fava beans

Question 38

formed elements are

Answer 38

RBC, WBC, Platelets

Question 39

blood is _% of body weight how many liters? temperature?

Answer 39

8% 4-6L 38C

Question 40

blood is made of _ and _

Answer 40

plasma and formed elements

Question 41

plasma makes up _% of blood and formed elements makes up _%

Answer 41

``` plasma (55%) formed elements (45%) ```

Question 42

which do we have more of: leukocytes/platelets/RBC | put in order

Answer 42

RBC (4-6million)>Platelets(150-300 thousand) > leukocytes (5-10thousand)

Question 43

plasma is mostly _ by weight

Answer 43

water 91%

Question 44

other contents of plasma

Answer 44

91% water, 7% proteins, 2% other solutes

Question 45

serum is plasma without

Answer 45

fibrinogen (clotting factors)

Question 46

platelets are best described as: a. megakaryocytes b. agranulocytes c. lymphoid cells d. cytoplasmic fragments

Answer 46

cytoplasmic fragments

Question 47

platelets are fragments of large bone marrow cells called

Answer 47

megakaryocytes

Question 48

platelets are minute, irregularly shaped, disc like cytoplasmic bodies found I blood plasma that promote blood clotting. DO they have a. a definite nucleus b. DNA c. Hg

Answer 48

no definite nucleus no DNA no hemoglobin

Question 49

life span of platelets

Answer 49

7-10 days

Question 50

platelets are removed by

Answer 50

spleen and liver

Question 51

Thrombopoietin

Answer 51

hormone made by kidney and liver. stimulates precursor cells in bone marrow to differentiate into megakaryocytes -==> platelets

Question 52

platelets stop blood loss by forming a

Answer 52

platelet plug

Question 53

platelet plug begins to form when platelets are exposed to a

Answer 53

rough surface

Question 54

platelets contain many

Answer 54

secretory vesicles (granules) which promote clotting

Question 55

when platelets adhere to collagen they release

Answer 55

ADP and other chemicals = makes the surface sticky so we can form the plug

Question 56

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced by __ they stimulate _

Answer 56

activated platelets | activation of new platelets and increase platelet aggregation

Question 57

Prostacyclin (PGI2) __ platelet aggregation and causes vaso__

Answer 57

decreases, vasodilation