NBDE: ANATOMICAL SCIENCES: Bone Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
which of the following structures provides attachment to falx cerebri?
cribiform plate crista galli lesser wing of sphenoid greater wing of sphenoid corpus collosum
A
crista galli
2
Q
the viscerocranium aka
A
facial skeleton
3
Q
the viscerocranium consists of 15 _ bones
A
irregular
4
Q
3 irregular single bones centered on or lying in the midline
A
mandible
ethmoid
vomer
5
Q
the 6 irregular bones occurring as bilateral pairs
A
maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal bones
6
Q
name the 4 pneumatized bones (that contain air spaces to decrease their weight)
A
frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
7
Q
the __ bone is exceedingly light and spongy, with cubic shape, situated at the anterior part of the base of the cranium between the 2 orbits at the roof of the nose, and contributes to each of those cavities
A
ethmoid bone
8
Q
the ethmoid bone consists of 4 parts: the horizontal part is aka
A
cribriform plate - forming part of the base of the cranium
9
Q
the ethmoid bone consists of 4 parts: the perpendicular plate constitutes part of the
A
nasal septum
10
Q
the ethmoid bone consists of 4 parts: the two lateral masses aka
A
labyrinths
11
Q
Projecting upward from the middle line of the cribriform plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli. The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the __.
A
falx cerebri
12
Q
the cribriform plate contains many _ foramina
A
oflacatory (olfactory nerves pass thru these foramina)
13
Q
damage to the cribriform plate results in a loss of
A
sense of smell
14
Q
the ___plate of the ethmoid bone has the cristal galli
A
perpendicular
15
Q
the __ plate of the ethmoid bone is the cribiform plate
A
horizontal
16
Q
the lateral masses (right and left) of the ethmoid bone project down from the cribriform plate. They contain the __ and the __
A
ethmoid sinuses and the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone (lamina papyracea)
17
Q
the lamina papyracea forms the paper thin ___ wall of the orbit
A
medial
18
Q
each ethmoid sinus is divided into _ air cells
A
anterior, middle, and posterior
19
Q
the hypophyseal fossa is located in a depression in the body of the_ bone
A
sphenoid
20
Q
the hypophyseal fossa is located in a depression in the body of the sphenoid bone houses what structure
A
pituitary
21
Q
the sphenoid bone is at the base of the skull in front of the temporal and basilar part of the occipital bone. It is divided into the median portion called the __, two __ and two ___ wings extending outward from the sides of the body and _ two __ processes that project from the bone below
A
body,
2 great
2 small wings
2 pterygoid processes
22
Q
the __body of the sphenoid contains the sella turcica: which houses the pituitary gland and the ___
A
hollow
sphenoidal sinuses
23
Q
the greater wings of the sphenoid help to form the ___ of the orbit
A
lateral wall of the orbit
24
Q
the greater wings of the sphenoid contain which foramen?
A
foramen rotundum and foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
25
foramen rotundum transmits _ nerve
V2 (maxillary nerve)
26
foramen ovale transmits _ nerve
V3 (mandibular nerve)
27
foramen spinosum transmits the
middle meningeal vessels and nerves to the tissues covering the brain
28
the lesser wings of the sphenoid (small) help to form the __ of the orbit
roof of the orbit and the superior orbial fissure
29
what nerve and artery goes thru the lesser wings
optic nerve (CN II) via optic canal (optic foramen) and the ophthalmic artery
30
The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone provides the origin of what muscles
both the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
31
the medial surface of the lateral plate provides origin for the _ muscle
medial pterygoid
32
the lateral surface of the lateral plate provides origin for the _ muscle
lateral pterygoid
33
the hamulus is a process of the ___pterygoid plate of __ bone
medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
34
the hamulus is the origin for what muscle
tenso veli palatini
35
the pterygoid plates of the __ bone descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. each process consists of a medial and a lateral plate, the upper parts fused anteriorly, a vertical sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, descends on the front of the line of fusion
sphenoid
36
flat bones of the skull, maxilla, major parts of the mandible and clavicles are formed by __ ossification
intramembranous
37
the first evidence of bone ossification (bone formation) occurs around the _ wk of prenatal development
8th
38
bones develop either thru endochondral ossification = ___ or thru intramembranous ossification ____
endochondral ossification = going thru cartilaginous stage
intramembranous ossification = forming directly as bone
39
most bones are endochondral/intramembranous?
endochondral
40
endochondral bones means they started as ___ cartilage model before they ossify
hyaline
41
endochondral ossification occurs in what bones
bones of the base of the skull, condyles of the mandible, short and long bones
42
most of the mandible is _ ossification except the __
intramembranous
| condyles
43
in endochondral ossification, bone replaces cartilage, (what cells replace what)
osteocytes replace chondrocytes
44
the bones of the extremities and those parts of axial skeleton that bear weight (ex. vertebrae) develop by__ ossification
endochondral ossification
45
the maxilla is formed by _ ossification
intramembranous
46
the flat bones of the skull are formed by _ ossification
intramembranous
47
the MAJOR parts of the mandible are formed by _ ossification
intramembranous
48
intramembranous ossification occurs within a membranous, condenses plate of _ cells
mesenchymal
49
at the initial site of intermembranous ossification (ossification center), mesenchymal cells (osteoprogenitor cells) differentiate into
osteoblasts
50
the osteoblast begin to deposit the organic bone matrix called the
osteoid
51
the matrix separates osteoblasts that from now on are located in
lacunae within the matrix
52
the collagen fibers of the osteoid form a woven network w/o preferred orientation. this type of bone is called _
woven bone
53
the osteoid calcifies leading to the formation of primitive trabecular bone. further deposition and calcification of osteoid at sites where compact bone is needed leads to the formation of
primitive compact bone
54
intramembranous ossification does/does not require the existence of a cartilage bone model
does not
55
in endochondral ossification does the cartilage transform into bone?
no the bone replaces cartilage
56
once intramembranous bone is formed, it GROWS by __ only
appositional growth (growth by the addition of new layers on those previously formed)
57
Endochondral bone grows by
BOTH appositional and interstitial growth
58
in ortho movement, the alveolar bone distal to the tooth must resorb and the alveolar bone mesial to the tooth must appositionally grow. This remodeling is a function of what 2 cells
osteoclasts and osteoblast
59
__ are cells that break down and remove exhausted bone tissue
osteoclasts
60
___ build new bone tissue to replace the loss of bone tissue from osteoclasts
osteblasts
61
__ are the principal bone-building cells that synthesize collagenous fibers and bone matrix and promote mineralization during ossification
osteoblasts
62
once osteoblasts build bone, they become trapped in their own matrix and develop into ___ that maintain the bone tissue
osteocytes
63
Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchyme (fibroblasts) and have a high __ content and stain intensely with __ dyes
RNA
| basic
64
Osteoclasts are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow (the same ones that produce monocytes), and are large __ cells that contain lysosomes and phagocytic vacuoles
multinucleated
65
A Howship's lacuna is a small hollow created on the bone surface by __ activity
osteoclast
66
1. Osteoid is a newly formed organic bone matrix that has not undergone _
2. it is a specialized from of type _ collagen surrounded by glucosaminoglycan gel. this gel contains proteins w/ a high affinity for calcium binding
1. calcification
| 2. I
67
how does osteoid differ from bone?
it does not have a mineralized matrix and has more water content than mature bone
68
bone is hard and resists __ bc of the mineralization matrix.
compression
69
when bone matrix mineralizes inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals are deposited around the existing collagen fibrils and the water content of the matrix __
decreases
70
Bone derives its flexibility and tensile strength from its abundant
collagen fibers
71
all are functions of the skeletal system except one:
```
lymph filtration
mineral storage
support
protection
body movement
```
lymph filtration
72
besides support, protection, body movement, mineral storage what is another function of the skeletal system
hemopoiesis - red bone marrow of adults produce RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
73
95% of calcium and 90% of phosphorous are deposited in
bones and teeth
74
bone exists in what 2 forms
compact (appears as a solid mass) and spongy or cancellous bone (branching network of trabeculae)
75
initiation of bone mineralization:
1. holes or pores in _
2. release of matrix vesicles by _
3. alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts and matrix vesicles
4. degradation of matrix pyrophosphate to release an _
1. collagen
2. osteoblasts
4. inorganic phosphate
76
Fracture repair:
1. _ forms
2. bridging _ forms
3. _ forms
4. new _ formation
1. blood clot
2. callus
3. alkaline phosphatase
4. endochondral bone formation
77
pseudarthrosis (non unions) is a fracture that has not _ in the stipulated time in which fractures usually unite and has no chance of union w/o intervention. there is _ of a bone at the location of fracture resulting from inadequate healing
united
| movement
78
at the TMJ, hinge movement occur b/w the _ and _
condyle and articular disc
79
TMJ is a synovial joint w/_ articular cavities
2
80
once articular cavity acts as a _ component and the other serves as a _ component
hinge (bottom = rotation = mandible opening)
| gliding (top = translation)
81
the lower part of TMJ joint bw condyle and articular disc = hinge component. when the joint moves the hinge component of the joint moves FIRST to initiate ___
mandibular opening
82
the upper part of TMJ bw articular disc and mandibular fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone creates gliding movement. during joint movement this gliding cavity moves __ the hinge component to terminate mandibular opening
AFTER
83
the condyle of the mandible rests in the _ aka _ of the temporal bone
mandibular fossa
| glenoid fossa
84
the anterior boundary of the TMJ is the
articular eminence
85
the functional area and articular portion of the TMJ is the
articular eminence (anterior boundary)
86
separating the mandibular fossa from the tympanic plate posteriorly is the __ fissure
squamotympanic fissure
87
the medial end of the squamotympanic fissure is the _ fissure
petrotympanic fissure
88
thru the petrotympanic fissure the _ exits from the tympanic cavity
chorda tympani
89
the concave area bw the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process is the
mandibular notch aka coronoid notch
90
the mandibular notch transmits arteries and veins to the _ muscle
masseter
91
the POSTERIOR slope of the articular eminence is lined by _ CT
fibrous CT
92
patient's tongue thrusts and comes in referred by general dentist bc he said early treatment could prevent skeletal problems. Soft tissue development is thought to encourage mandibular growth which way?
downward and forward
93
the space bw the jaws into which the teeth erupt is generallys considered to be provided by growth at the
mandibular condyles (especially molars)
94
the condyle is a major site of
growth
95
soft tissue development carries the mandible _ and _
forward and downward
96
__ growth fills in the resultant space of the soft tissue pushing forward and down so that we maintain contact with the base of the skull
condyle
97
the bone of the alveolar process EXISTS ONLY to
support teeth.
98
if a tooth fails to erupt will alveolar bone form in that area?
no
99
if a tooth is extracted, the alveolus will __
resorb after extraction until finally the alveolar ridge completely atrophies
100
what determines the shape of the alveolar ridge:
a. the position of the tooth
b. the functional load placed on it
a. position of tooth
101
the long axes of the mandibular condyles intersect at the __ which indicates that these axes are directed
foramen magnum
| posteriomedially
102
```
which does not form a portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity:
maxilla
palatine bone
conchae
vomer
ethmoid bone
```
vomer
103
the medial wall/nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the _ , _ bone and septal cartilage
ethmoid bone, vomer bone
104
the nasal cavity opens on the face thru the _ and communicates w/the nasopharynx thru 2 posterior openings called
nostrils/nares
choanae
105
the area below each concha is referred to as a
meatus
| superior, middle, and inferior
106
the nasal cavity receives innervation from the
CNI and branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
107
blood supply of nasal cavity
sphenopalatine branch of the maxillary artery
108
the nasopalatine nerve is a PNS and sensory nerve that arises in the __, passes thru the __ across the roof of the nasal cavity into the nasal septum, and obliquely down thru the __ canal, and innervates the glands and mucosa of the nasal septum and the anterior part of the hard palate
pterygopalatine ganglion
sphenopalatine foramen
incisive canal
109
the communication bw the pterygopalatine fossa and the nasal cavity is the _ foramen
sphenopalatine foramen
110
a tubercle is:
a. a small rounded process
b. prominent elevated ridge or border of a bone
c. a large, rounded roughened process
d. sharp, slender, projecting process
a. small rounded process
111
_ = term for bone projection that serves as a point for attachment of other structures.
process
112
epicondyle
a projection/swelling on a condyle
113
spine
sharp, slender projecting process
114
tuberosity
a large, rounded, roughened process
115
trochanter
large blunt projection for muscle attachments on the femur
116
crest
a prominent elevated ridge or border of bone
117
linea
a small cress, usually somewhat straighter than a crest
118
ramus
a major branch or division of the main body of a bone.
119
the coronoid and condylar process of the mandible are subdivisions of the
ramus
120
neck
slight narrowing of the body of the bone that supports the head
121
lamina
a very thin layer of bone
122
the shaft of a long bone is capped on the end by spongy bone that is surrounded by compact bone. this is called:
periosteum/diaphysis/endosteum/epiphysis
epiphysis
123
long bones have a tubular shaft called _ and usually a _ at each end
diaphysis
| epiphysis
124
during the growing phase the diaphysis is separated from the epiphysis by an
epiphyseal cartilage
125
the part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage is called the
metaphysis
126
the shaft has a central _ cavity
marrow
127
the outer part of the shaft is composed of _ bone that is covered by a connective tissue sheath called the
compact
| periosteum
128
the region of mitotic activity responsible for elongation of a LONG bone is in
epiphyseal plate
129
the medullary cavity contains _ bone marrow
fatty yellow bone marrow
130
where is red bone marrow found in long bones
epiphysis
131
the epiphysis consists of _ bone surrounded by compact bone
spongy
132
epiphysis contains red bone marrow for the production of
RBCs, WBCs and platelets
133
articular cartilage caps each epiphysis of long bones. it is composed of _ cartilage and facilitates joint movement
hyaline
134
endosteum lines the
medullary cavity. consists of supportive regular dense CT
135
periosteum covers the surface of bone consists of dense regular _. it is the site for _ attachment and responsible for _
CT
tendon/ligament muscle
diametric bone growth
136
cancellous spongy bone is porous and highly vascular, _ layer of bone tissue
inner
137
cancellous spongy bone makes the bone lighter and provides spaces for _
red bone marrow where blood cells are produced
138
the hypophyseal fossa which houses the pituitary gland is located within which of the following cranial fossae
a. anterior
b. middle
c. posterior
middle cranial fossa
139
the internal surface of the base of the skull consists of 3 cranial fossa: anterior middle and posterior. they increase in size and depth from _ to _
anterior to posterior
140
the anterior and middle fossae are separated by the _
lesser wing of the sphenoid bones
141
the middle and posterior fossae are separated by the
petrous part of the temporal bone
142
anterior cranial fossa is formed by portion of which bones
frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
143
the _, a midline process of the ethmoid bone, gives attachment to the anterior end of the falx cerebri
crista galli
144
on each side of the crista galli are the grooved _ of the ethmoid bone
cribriform plates
145
the cribriform plates provide numerous orifices for the_ nerves from the nasal mucosa to synapse in the olfactory bulbs
olfactory nerves (CNI)
146
middle cranial fossa is composed of the
body and great wings of the sphenoid bone, the squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bones and the frontal angle of parietal bone
147
the anterior fossa contains which lobe of brain
frontal
148
the middle fossa contains laterally the _ lobes of the brain
temporal
149
which cranial fossa is the optic chiasma, optic canal, sella turcica and the hypophyseal fossa found
middle
150
name the foramen and fissures found in the middle cranial fossa
foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum, lacerum, superior orbital fissure.
151
the posterior cranial fossa is the deepest fossae and houses the
cerebellum, medulla, and pons
152
what 4 foramina are in the posterior cranial fossa
internal acoustic meatus (part of temporal bone), the jugular foramen, the hyoglossal canal (in the occipital bone), and the foramen magnum (where the medulla oblongata is continuous with the spinal cord)
153
Treacher Collins syndrome = rare genetic disorder that presents w/facial deformities. one of the characteristic traits is the downward slanting of the eyes from underdevelopment of the bone that forms the substance of the cheek. which bone anchors many of the muscles of mastication and facial expression?
zygomatic bone
154
zygomatic bone is aka
cheek bone or malar bone
155
does the zygomatic bone form the orbit
yes, the lateral wall and floor
156
the zygomatic bone also forms parts of the _ and _
temporal and infratemporal fossae
157
what 4 bones does the zygomatic bone articulate with
temporal, maxilla, frontal sphenoid
158
above the zygomatic arch is the _ fossa which is filled with temporalis muscle
temporal
159
attached to the lower margin of the zygomatic arch is the _ muscle
masseter
160
the temporalis muscle passes ___ to the zygomatic arch before it inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible
medial
161
the temporal fossa is a shallow depression on the side of the cranium bounded by the temporal line and terminating below the level of the zygomatic arch. The _ of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone separates the temporal fossa from the infratemporal fossa below it
infratemporal crest
162
a tube like passage running thru a bone:
a. fovea
b. meatus
c. fossa
d. fissure
meatus
163
fissure
a sharp, deep groove. narrow, clef like opening bw the parts of a bone that allows for the passage of BV and nerves
164
superior orbital fissure is in what bone
sphenoid
165
sulcus
groove (shallower and less abrupt cleft than a fissure) that allows passage of BV nerves and tendons
166
incisure
(notch) = a deep indentation on the border of a bone
167
fossa
a shallow depression that ma or may not be an articulating surface
168
meatus
(canal) a tube like passage running thru a bone
| ex. acoustic meatus of temporal bone
169
the ganglion that supplies the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose with parasympathetic fibers is located in what fossae?
pterygopalatine fossa
infratemporal fossa
temporal fossa
pterygopalatine fossa
170
the pterygopalatine fossa communicates laterally with infratemporal fossa through the
pterygomaxillary fissure
171
the hamulus accommodates the action of which muscle
tensor veli palatini = hamulus
172
the hamulus is a component of which bone
medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
173
1. lateral pterygoid of the sphenoid bone provides the origin for _
1. lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
174
the lateral pterygoid plate forms the _ wall of the _ fossa
medial wall of infratemporal fossa
175
the medial pterygoid plate forms the posterior limit of the _ wall of the _
lateral wall of the nasal cavity
176
the medial plate ends inferiorly as a
hamulus - looks like a hook = acs as a pulley for the tensor veli palatini
177
tensor veli palatini is innervated by the
medial pterygoid nerve CNV3
178
action of tensor veli palatini is
tenses the soft palate
179
the mastoid process is composed of mastoid air cells in what bone
temporal
180
the maxillary process is in what bone
zygomatic
181
the palatine process is in what bone
maxilla = forms anterior hard palate
182
the styloid process is in what bone
temporal
183
the frontal process, temporal process and maxillary process are in _ bone
zygomatic
184
the roof of the oral cavity is formed by what bones
maxilla and palatine bones
185
the roof of the oral cavity is formed by the _ of the maxilla and the _ of the palatine bones
palatine processes of maxilla
| horizontal plates of the palatine bones
186
the union of the maxilla and the palatine bones forms the _ palate
hard palate
187
the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate is formed by the _
palatine process of maxilla
188
the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate is formed by the
horizontal plates of the palatine bones
189
the hard palate forms not only the roof of the oral cavity proper but also the
floor of the nasal cavity
190
the hard palate is covered with a mucous membrane and beneath the mucosa are palatal _
salivary glands
191
the greater palatine vein, artery, and nerve travel along the maxillary alveolar process anteriorly where they join the _ nerve and _ artery and vein, exiting the nasal cavity from the incisive foramen
nasopalatine
| sphenopalatine
192
the soft palate is continuous with the hard palate posteriorly and is "soft" bc it does not have a
bony substrate. instead it has a fibrous CT sheet = palatal aponeuroisis
193
posteriorly the soft palate suspended in the oropharynx ends in the midline _
uvula
194
most of the palatal muscles innervation is from the
pharyngeal plexus of nerves
195
the tensor muscles of the palate receive motor branches from the
mandibular division of V3
196
the tensor muscles of the palate receive sensory innervation is provided by the _ division
maxillary division of V2
197
osteocytes are located in what spaces
lacunae
198
3 types of cells that contribute to bone homeostasis:
1. _ are bone forming cells
2. _ break down bone
3. _ are mature bone cells
1. osteoblasts
2. osteoclasts
3. osteocytes
199
an equilibrium bw osteo_ and osteo_ maintains the bone tissue
osteoblast
| osteoclast
200
__ bone consists of osteons and haversian systems
compact
201
the haversian system consists of a central canal called the haversian canal surrounded by concentric rings called ___of matrix. bw the rings of the matrix, the bone cells ___ are located in spaces called lacunae
lamellae
osteocytes
202
small channels called _ radiate from the lacunae to the haversian canal to provide passage for oxygen and nutrients to the osteocytes
canaliculi
203
the haversian canals contain _ that are parallel to the long axis of the bone.
blood vessels
204
osteons aka
haversian systems
205
Volkmann's canals
are transverse canals that interconnect the haversian canals
206
the medullary marrow cavity is line with _ bone
cancellous/trabecular/spongy
207
the concentric rings in haversion system are called
lamellae
208
largest bone of the pelvis
a. ileum
b. ischium
c. pubis
ileum
209
the os coxa is aka
hipbone
210
the os coxa is formed by the fusion of what 3 bones
ileum ischium and pubis (pii)
211
the two hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly at the _
symphysis pubis
212
the os coxa articulates with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint to form the _
pelvic girdle
213
the greater sciatic notch is found on what bone
ileum
214
the ischium is L-shaped bone with a thick upper part (body) and a lower thinner part (ramus). This part bears the weight of the body when a person is in an upright seated position. 2 features of this bone
ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
215
obturator foramen is formed by the _ and _
pubis and ramus of the ischium
216
the pubis Is divided into
body, superior ramus, and inferior ramus
217
the inguinal ligament connect the pubic tubercle to the
anterior superior iliac spine
218
the acetabulum is a cup shaped cavity on the _ bone tat recives the head of the __
lateral side of the hip bone,
| head of the femur
219
the largest single nerve in the human body is the _ nerve
sciatic nerve
220
sciatic nerve foes from the _ to the _
top of the leg to the foot on posterior aspect
221
the trachea divides into the left and right main bronchi at the level of
a. upper part of sternum
b. mid part of body of the sternum
c. just above the xiphoid process
d. junction of manubrium and body of sternum
junction of manubrium and body of sternum (sternal angle)
222
the sternum is made of 3 parts name them
manubrium (most superior)
body of sternum
xiphoid process
223
the most superior part of the sternum, the manubrium connects to the _
clavicle (collar bone) = connects to shoulder
224
the sternal angle is at the level of what costal cartilage
2nd pair
225
the sternal angle is at the beginning and end of the _
aortic arch
226
the sternal angle is at the location where the trachea
bifurcates into L and R main bronchi
227
the sternal angle is the boundary bw the _ and _
superior and inferior mediastinum
228
how many ribs do we have?
24 (12 pairs)
229
all ribs are attached posteriorly to the _ vertebrae
12 thoracic
230
the anterior rib pair #_ attach to the manubrium
1
231
the anterior rib pair #_ attach to the sternum body
2-7
232
rib pairs #8-10 have an anterior attachment to the _
cartilage of the rib above them
233
rib pairs 11 and 12 do not have an _-attachment at all
anterior
234
rib pairs #_ are TRUE RIBS
1-7
235
rib pairs #_ are false ribs
8 -10 (remember true and false are in the front) floating in the back
236
rib pairs # _ are floating ribs
11-12
237
The phrase floating ribs refers to the __ rib pairs; so-called because they are attached to only the ___--and not to the sternum or cartilage of the sternum
two lowermost, the eleventh and twelfth,
| vertebrae
238
the costal groove is a groove bw
ridge of internal surface of the rib and the inferior border contains the intercostal vessels and intercostal nerve in the order of (VAN) from superior to inferior: vein, artery, nerve
239
the _ is the most likely damaged in case of injury to the costal groove bc it is least protected
vein
240
the vertebral column has how many vertebrae?
24
241
so the number of INDIVIDUAL vertebrae also equals the number or
ribs! 24 ribs (12 pairs) and 24 INDIVIDUAL vertebrae
242
the first seven vertebrate =
cervical vertebrae (neck vertebrae)
243
there are _ thoracic vertebrae
12
244
each _ vertebrae has a pair of ribs attached to it
thoracic
245
the last 5 vertebrae are the
lumbar vertebrae
246
we have 24 individual vertebrae + one sacrum made of _ fused vertebrae and one coccyx made of _ fused vertebrae
sacrum: 5 fused
coccyx: 3-5 fused
247
the body of each vertebrae develops from the caudal part of one __ and cranial portion of the next ___, while the nucleus pulposus (central portion of the disc) develops from the _
sclerotome, sclerotome, notochord
248
which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus:
a. radius
b. acromion
c. ulna
d. scapula
e. clavicle
radius
249
the clavicle connects to the manubrium of the sternum and the _ of the _
acromion of the scapula
250
scapula is aka
shoulder blade
251
the glenoid cavity is the lateral edge of the _ and is the socket portion of the ball and socket joint of the shoulder
scapula
252
the head of the humerus fits into the _ of the _
glenoid cavity of the scapula
253
lateral to the __ of the humerus is the greater tubercle
head
254
at the inferior end (distal) of the humerus are
2 condyles
255
the lateral condyle of the humerus is called the __ which articulates with the radius
capitulum
256
the medial condyle of the humerus is the __ that innervates with the
trochlea
| ulna
257
lateral to the capitulum on the distal humerus is a large bump called the
lateral epicondyle
258
medial to the trochlea on the distal humerus is a large bump called the _
medial epicondyle
259
1. when people hit a groove between the medial epicondyle and the trochlea (of humerus) they say they hit their?
2. the nerve that passes thru this area is the _
1. funny bone
| 2. ulnar nerve
260
on the anterior side of the humerus at the distal end there is a depression called the
coronoid fossa
261
on the opposite side of the coronoid fossa of humerus there is a large depression called the
olecranon fossa
262
the lower arm has 2 bones: the lateral is the _ and the medial is the _
radius
| medial = ulnar
263
when the hand is in supinate position the ulna and radius are _ to each other
parallel
264
when the hand is pronated, the __ crosses over the _
radius crosses over ulna
265
the head of the radius pivots on the
capitulum
266
the ulna has a large bulge on the posterior side called the
olecranon process = this is the elbow
267
anterior to the olecranon process is a huge notch called the
trochlear notch
268
the trochlear notch pivots on the _
trochlea of the ulna
269
the elbow joint what bones articulate?
CRAzy TULips
Capitulum Radius
Trochlea = ULna
270
which bone forms the major part of the lateral wall of the orbit
zygomatic bone
271
the orbit has 4 walls. the medial walls of the orbit are almost parallel with each other and w the superior part of the nasal cavities. T/F
true
272
the lateral walls of the orbit are approximately at _ angles to each other
right angles
273
the superior wall or roof of the orbit is formed almost completely by the _
orbital plate of the frontal bone
274
Posteriorly the superior wall of the orbit is formed by the
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
275
the roof of the orbit is thin, translucent, and gently arched. this plate of bone separates the orbital cavity and the _ cranial fossa
anterior cranial fossa
276
the _ canal is located in the posterior part of the superior roof of the orbit
optic canal
277
the medial wall of the orbit is paper thin and is formed by the orbital lamin or lamina papyracea of the _ bone along with what other bones (4 bones total)
ethmoid, lacimal sphenoid and frontal
278
in the medial wall of the orbit there is a vertical lacrimal groove formed by the
maxilla and lacrimal bone
279
along the suture bw the ethmoid and frontal bones are two small foramina called
the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina
280
the inferior wall of the orbit (floor) is mainly formed by the
orbital surface of the maxilla and partly by the zygomatic bone and orbital process of the palating bone
281
the floor of the orbit is separated from the lateral wall of the orbit by the
inferior orbital fissure
282
which wall of the orbit is thick
lateral (especially the posterior part)
283
the lateral wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the _ fossa
middle cranial fossa
284
1. the superior wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the _ cranial fossa
2. the lateral wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the_ cranial fossa
1. anterior
| 2. middle
285
in the medial wall of the orbit there is a vertical lacrimal groove formed by the
maxilla and lacrimal bone
286
along the suture bw the ethmoid and frontal bones are two small foramina called
the anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina
287
the inferior wall of the orbit (floor) is mainly formed by the
orbital surface of the maxilla and partly by the zygomatic bone and orbital process of the palating bone
288
the floor of the orbit is separated from the lateral wall of the orbit by the
inferior orbital fissure
289
which wall of the orbit is thick
lateral (especially the posterior part)
290
the lateral wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the _ fossa
middle cranial fossa
291
1. the superior wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the _ cranial fossa
2. the lateral wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the_ cranial fossa
1. anterior
| 2. middle
