NBDE: ANATOMICAL SCIENCES: Veins Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
the portal vein is about 2 inches long and is formed behind the neck of the pancreas by the union of the
A
superior mesenteric and the splenic veins
2
Q
the portal vein drains blood from the
A
abdominal part of GI tract: (from lower esophagus to halfway down anal canal), spleen pancreas and gallbladder
3
Q
the portal vein enters the _ omentum
A
lesser
4
Q
almost all of blood coming from the digestive system drains into the_circulation
A
portal
5
Q
the _ vein drains the gallbladder and is a tributary to the portal vein
A
cystic vein
6
Q
the portal vein carries _ as much blood as the hepatic artery
A
twice as much
7
Q
the right posterior intercostal vein drains blood into the
A
azygos vein
8
Q
the azygous venous system consists of the azygos vein, the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein. They drain blood from the
A
posterior intercostal spaces, posterior abdominal wall, the pericardium, the diaphragm, the bronchi, and the esophagus
9
Q
the origin of the azygos vein is variable, often formed by the union of the
A
right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein.
10
Q
the azygos vein ascends thru the _ opening of the diaphragm, on the _ side of the aorta, to the level of the _ vertebra
A
aortic
right side of aorta
T5
11
Q
the azygos at the 5th thoracic vertebrae arches forward above the root of the _ lung to empty into the
A
right lung
superior vena cava
12
Q
the azygos vein leaves an impression on which lung
A
right lung
13
Q
tributaries to azygos vein
A
8 lower intercostal vains, right superior intercostal vein, superior and inferior hemiazygos veins and mediastinal veins
14
Q
most posterior intercostal veins empty into the _ which in turn empties into the SVC at the 4th thoracic vertebrae
A
azygos venous system
15
Q
the SVC contains all venous blood from
A
head neck and both limbs
16
Q
the superior vena cava is formed from the union of what 2 veins
A
right and left brachiocephalic veins
17
Q
SVC ends in the
A
right atrium of heart
18
Q
IVC pierces the diaphragm opposite the _thoracic vertebra
A
8th
19
Q
right braciocephalic vein is formed at the root of the neck by the union of the
A
right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
20
Q
the left braciocephalic vein passes obliquely down and to the right, _ the maubrium sterni and in front of the aortic branches to join the SVC
A
behind
21
Q
the subclavian vein is anterior to the:
scalenus anterior muscle,
scalenus middle muscle
scalenus posterior muscle
A
scalenus anterior muscle
22
Q
each subclavian vein begins at the outer border of the _ rib as a continuation of the _vein
A
1st
axillary
23
Q
at the medial border of the SCALENUS ANTERIOR the subclavian vein joins the _ to form the _
A
internal jugular vein
braciocephalic vein
24
Q
the external jugular vein lies in the superficial fascia _ to the platysma
A
deep
25
the external jugular vein passes down from the region of the _ to the middle of the
angle of the mandible
| clavicle
26
the external jugular vein drains into the
subclavian by perforating the deep fascia just above the clavicle
27
the subclavian vein follows the
subclavian artery
28
1. the subclavian _ passes anterior to the scalenus anterior
| 2. the subclavian _ passes posterior to the scalenus anterior
1. vein is anterior
| 2. artery is posterior
29
the thoracic duct drains into the junction of the
left internal jugular and subclavian veins
30
the brachial vein drains blood into the
axillary vein
31
the__vein drains blood from the radial side to the antebrachium and brachium into the axillary vein
cephalic
32
does the SVC have valves
no
33
does the IVC have a valve
it has a rudimentary non functioning valve
34
oxygenated blood leaves the placenta and enters the fetus thru the
umbilical vein
35
blood leaves the _ and enters the fetus thru the umbilical vein
placenta
36
1. the only fetal vessel to carry blood rich in oxygen and nutrients is the
2. all the other fetal vessels carry
1. umbilical vein
| 2. a mixture of arterial and venous blood.
37
after circulating in the fetus the blood returns to the placenta thru the
umbilical arteries
38
the umbilical vein connects the placenta to the
liver
39
after fetus is born, the umbilical vein will
the infant's umbilical vein is completely obliterated and is replaced by a fibrous cord called the round ligament of the liver AKA LIGAMENUM TERES
40
ductus venosus
venous shunt within the liver to connect with the IVC
41
ductus venosus in newborn?
forms ligamentum venosum, a fibrous cord in the liver
42
ductus venosus transports
oxygenated blood directly into IVC
43
foramen ovale is an opening bw the
R and L atria
44
__and _ = shunts to bypass the pulmonary system of fetus
foramen ovale and ductus arteriosum
45
ductus areteriosum is bw
pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch
46
ductus areteriosum after birth =
atrophies and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
47
foramen ovale after birth
foramen ovalis
48
umbilical arteries after birth
atrophy to become the medial umbilical ligaments
49
1. the medial umbilical ligament represents the
| 2. the median umbilical ligament =
1. remnant of umbilical arteries of fetus
| 2. remnant of urachus of embryo
50
1. is the umbilical vein paired
| 2. is the umbilical artery paired
1. no
| 2. yes
51
the paired umbilical arteries arise from the _ and supply DEoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
iliac arteries
52
unlike the arteries and veins, capillaries are very
thin and fragile
53
capillaries are how thick
1 epithelial cell thick. so thin that blood must pass thru in single file.
54
arteries and veins run parallel in the body with a web like network of _ connecting them
capillaries
55
_ pass blood to capillaries
arterioles (O2 rich) ==> capillaries for gas exchange
56
capillaries pass their waste rich blood to
venules
57
capillaries join
arterioles and venules
58
do capillaries have muscle layer
no
59
muscle layer of
1. arteries
2. veins
1. thick elastic
| 2. thin elastic
60
do arteries/capillaries/veins have semilunar valves
only veins
61
pressure in arteries are high/low? pulse/no pulse
high with pulse
62
pressure in veins are high/low? pulse/no pulse
low, with pulse
63
pressure in capillaries are high/low? pulse/no pulse
less than veins , no pulse
64
the greatest blood pressure drop occurs across the
arterioles
65
which has a thinner wall venules or arterioles
venules
66
which has larger diameter veins or arteries
veins
| have larger diameter bc they have less smooth muscle inside.
67
veins maintain a _ blood pressure required for return to heart
low
68
all of the nerves are embedded in the wall of the cavernous sinus except:
a. IV trochlear
b. I ophthalmic
c. III oculomotor
d. maxillary nerve CN V2
e. mandibular nerve CN V3
mandibular nerve V3
69
do we have 1 or 2 cavernous sinuses
2
70
cavernous sinuses are large veins located immediately behind each
eye socket and on either side of the pituitary gland
71
the cavernous sinuses drain into the
1. inferior petrosal sinus ==>IJV
2. superior petorsal sinus ==> transverse vein==> sigmoid sinus ==> IJV
3. or anteriorly into the ophthalmic veins
72
why do the veins of the head and SVC not have valves
because use gravity
73
what artery and CN pass thru the cavernous sinus
CN VI abducens and internal carotid artery
74
a cavernous sinus thrombosis can be caused from an odontogenic infection that communicates with he cavernous sinus thru the _ veins
opthalmic
75
cavernous sinus syndrome is characterized by edema of the eyelids, conjunctivae of the eyes and paralysis of
the CN that go thru the cavernous sinus
76
the orbital cavity is drained by the
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
77
both the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins pass thru the _ and drain into the cavernous sinus
superior orbital fissure
78
the _ ophthalmic vein communicates thru the inferior orbital fissure with the pterygoid venous plexus
inferior
79
the superior ophthalmic vein communicates in the front of the orbit with the _ vein
facial vein
80
what veins are found within the marrow spaces of the skull?
diploic veins
81
the postero-superior (upper and back part of skull) group of cranial sinuses include the
superior and inferior sagittal, straight, transverse and occipital sinuses
82
the antero-inferior group (base of skull) of cranial sinuses include the
cavernous, petrosal, and basilar plexus
83
the veins of the brain are direct tributaries of the dural venous sinuses. t/f
true
84
the emissary veins which are valveless connect the dural venous sinuses with the
veins of the scalp
85
an emissary vein found in the _ is a means of communication bw the pterygoid plexus and the cavernous sinus
foramen ovale
86
the diploic veins are in the skull and drain the diploic space. what space is this?
in the bones of the skull ==>diploic veins drain these areas into the dural sinuses
87
the internal jugular vein begins in the _ foramen as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus
jugular foramen
88
the internal jugular vein descends in the carotid sheath and ends in the _vein
brachiocephalic
89
carotid sheath
The carotid sheath is an anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck
90
contents of the carotid sheath
```
"I See 10 CC's in the IV":
I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery
10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
CC = Common Carotid artery
IV = Internal Jugular Vein
```
91
the veins of the _ do not have valves
head and neck
92
which of the following veins join within the parotid gland to form the retromandibular vein?
1. facial and max
2. facial and superficial temporal
3. max and superficial temporal
4. facial and mandibular veins
3.max and superficial temporal
93
the deep facial vein drains the _
pterygoid venous plexus of the infratemporal fossa
94
the facial vein is a continuation of the _ vein past the inferior margin of the orbit
angular
95
pterygoid venous plexus is a venous network associated with the _ muscles.
pterygoid
96
pterygoid venous plexus drains posteriorly by the
maxillary vein
97
the braciocephalic veins (R and L) unite in the _ mediastinum to form the SVC
superior
98
primary resistance vessel =
arterioles
99
what vessels do we have the most of?
capillaries (10 billion)>arterioles (0.5 million)>large arteries and veins (hundreds) > 2 vena cava> one aorta
100
which vessels have the thickest walls
aorta (2mm)> vena cava (1.5 mm) >large arteries (1mm) > large veins> arterioles> capillaries
101
veins/arterioles/arteries/vena cava/aorta have greatest internal radius
vena cava > aorta >large veins> large arteries > >arterioles > capillaries >
102
veins have thinner walls than arteries but have _ diameters because of the low blood pressure required for venous return
larger
103
is blood volume evenly distributed among vessels
no. at rest venous system = 70% of blood volume. heart, arteries and capillaries = 30%
104
which vessel can expand the most
veins can expand 8x more than artery of same size.
105
at the level of the 1st right costal cartilage the braciocephalic veins unite to form the
SVC
106
two largest veins in the body
IVC and SVC
107
the SVC is a large yet short vein that returns blood from ALL structures superior to diaphragm except the (2)
lungs and heart
108
SVC end at what level of ribs
3rd intercostal cartilage
109
3 main veins in the neck
external, anterior and internal jugular veins
110
the external jugular vein begins near the
angle of mandible
111
the external jugular vein begins near the angle of mandible by the union of the
posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein
112
external jugular vein drains
most of scalp and side of face
113
the largest vein in the neck
IJV
114
the IJV drains blood from the
brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, deep muscles of neck
115
the IJV starts at _ in _ cranial fossa as the direct continuation of sigmoid sinus
jugular foramen
| posterior
116
the anterior jugular vein (AJV) is the smallest jugular vein and arises near the _ from the confluence of the superficial _ veins
hyoid bone
| submandibular veins
117
the left and right AJV's unite across midline to form the
jugular venous arch in the suprasternal space
118
the 3 veins that drain the upper limbs are
brachial, basilic, and cephalic veins == all drain into the axillary vein --> subclavian
119
the femoral vein drains the lower limb, becomes the _ vein as it enters the trunk
external iliac vein
120
the external iliac vein is joined by the internal iliac vein from the _ to become the common iliac vein
pelvis
121
the IVC begins anterior to the _ vertebra by the union of the
L5 common iliac veins
122
the left suprarenal vein and left gonadal vein drain into the
left renal vein ==> IVC
123
the right suprarenal vein and right gonadal vein drain
directly into IVC (unlike the left side)
124
bc the facial vein and its tributaries have no valves extracranial infection in an area bounded by the bridge of the nose and the angels of the mouth (danger triangle of the face) will reach which sinus:
a. cavernous
b. sigmoid
c. inferior petrosal
d. superior petrosal
cavernous sinus
125
the danger triangle of the face
triangle covers nose and maxilla and goes up to the region bw the eyes. superficial veins communicate with the dural sinuses
126
deep facial vein is a communication bw the _ and _
facial vein and the pterygoid venous plexus
127
superior ophthalmic vein communicates anteriorly with the _ vein
angular vein
128
the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins drain the
superficial parts of scalp
129
the superficial temporal and posterior aricular veins drain the
scalp anterior and posterior to the auricles
130
the posterior auricular vein often receives a _ emissary vein from the sigmoid sinus
mastoid
131
drainage of deep parts of the scalp in the temporal region is thru the
deep temporal veins
132
which dural venous sinus lies in the convex attached border of the falx cerebri
superior sagittal sinus
133
superior sagittal sinus begins at the _ and ends near the internal occipital protuberance at the _
crista galli
| confluence of sinuses
134
arachnoid granulations are found in the _ sinus
superior sagittal sinus
135
confluence of sinuses connects
superior sagittal sinus
occipital sinus
straight sinus
SOS
136
blood that reaches the confluence of sinuses will then drain into the
transverse sinus
137
the inferior sagittal sinus runs in the inferior concave free border of the falx cerebri and ends in the
straight sinus
138
the straight sinus is formed by the union of the inferior sagittal sinus with the
great cerebral vein.
| runs along the line of attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli
139
the cavernous sinuses are found on either side of the body of the _ bone in the _ cranial fossa
sphenoid,
| middle
140
the cavernous sinus receives blood from the
sphenoparietal sinuses
| and superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
141
the cavernous sinus drains blood into the
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and emissary veins to the basilar and pterygoid plexus
142
the basilar sinus interconnects with the
inferior petrosal sinuses and the internal vertebral plexus
143
the occipital sinus communicates superiorly with the confluence of sinuses and inferiorly with the
internal vertebral plexus
144
veins have a thick tunica _ and a thin tunica _
thick tunica adventitia with little elastic tissue.
thin tunica media with few smooth muscle fibers
larger lumen and thinner walls than the arteries they accompany
145
vasa vasorum
nutrient blood vessels that supply the walls of large veins
146
verty thick tunica media and lots of elastic fibers are what vessels
large arteries
147
tunica adventitia
(or adventitia for short), is the outermost tunica (layer) of a blood vessel
148
arteries, veins and lymphatics have how many layers of tunicae?
3: intima, media, and adventitia
149
_ have both elastic and muscle fibers in their walls
arteries
150
_ have thinner walls and valves
veins
151
which are more compliant: veins or arteries
veins = means more capable of adopting their lumen size with changes in blood volume
