NBDE ANATOMICAL SCIENCES: Reproductive System Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
place in order that sperm travels upon ejaculation: spongy penile urethra ductus deferens prostatic urethra epididymis
A
seven up: Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct Nothing Urethra Penis
epididymis ==> ductus deferens ==> prostatic urethra ==> spongy urethra
2
Q
sperm is formed in the __ and then passes along the ___
A
testes ==> ductus deferens
3
Q
ductus deferens joins the duct of the _ to form the ejaculatory duct
A
seminal vesicle
4
Q
during ejaculation the sperm combines with secretions from the _ and _ to form seminal fluid
A
seminal vesicles and prostate glands
5
Q
the testes are in the scrotum. The _ one is usually higher than the _ by half an inch
A
right
6
Q
the testis is capped by the
A
epididymis
7
Q
the epididymis is a C shaped cord like tube about 20 feet long located in the __
A
scrotum
8
Q
the epididymis emerges from the tail as the
A
ductus (vas) deferens
9
Q
the ductus deferens and its surrounding vessles and nerves form the __ which runs upward to the level of the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone, passes thru the inguinal canal and then turns sharply to enter the pelvic cavity
A
spermatic cord
10
Q
the ___ duct penetrates the prostate gland to open into the __
A
ejaculatory duct
prostatic urethra
11
Q
stereocilia line the epididymis on the inside. are they motile?
A
non motile, long microvilli covering the pseudostratified columnar epithelium that lines the inside. serve to facilitate the passage of nutrients from the epithelium to the sperm by increasing surface area
12
Q
sterocilia ar epresent in the epididymis and the
A
ductus (vas) deferens = also lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
13
Q
the bladder is above/below the prostate
A
right above
14
Q
the prostate sits bw the
A
bladder and erectile tissue
15
Q
the bladder, prostate are anterior or posterior to the anus and rectum
A
anterior
16
Q
the bladder and prostate are anterior/posterior to the testis, scrotum and epididymis
A
posterior
17
Q
the seminal vesicles lie bw
A
the rectum and the bladder
18
Q
the seminal vesicles are anterior or posterior to the bladder
A
posterior
19
Q
cooper’s ligaments are fibrous bands each attached to musculature and function to support:
each testis/each ovary/each body of the epididymis/each brest
A
breast
20
Q
the mammary glands (breasts) are located on either side of the anterior chest wall over the _ and _ muscles
A
pectoral and anterior serratus
21
Q
mammary glands are specialized ACCESSORY glands that secret milk. they are formed from many small tubules grouped into a lobule. several lobules constitute a lobe, each of which has an_ duct
A
interLOBAR
22
Q
many of the interlobar ducts combine to form a ___ duct, which terminates in the nipple
A
lactiferous
23
Q
arterial supply to breast
A
internal thoracic artery and intercostal arteries. the axillary artery also via the lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches
24
Q
several chains of lymph nodes drain different areas of the breast and axilla. what lymph node chains drain most of the breast and anterior chest
A
pectoral
25
what lymph node chains drain most the arm
brachial
26
what lymph node chains drains the posterior chest wall and part of the arm
subscapular
27
what lymph node chains drain the pectoral, brachial, and subscapular nodes
midaxillary
28
what lymph node chains drains mammary lobes
internal mammary lobes
29
___ causes dimpling ("peau d'orange") of the overlying skin and nipple retraction
breast cancer
30
the suspensory ligaments of the breast are aka __ and are strong FIBROUS running from the dermis of the skin to the deep layer of superficial fascia thru the breast
Cooper's ligaments
31
myoepithelial cells are special type of smooth muscle cell that are _ shaped
star
32
what glands contain myopepithelial cells
mammary, sweat, lacrimal, and salivary glands
33
the inguinal canal is an oblique passage thru the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall and is present in both males and females
1. in females its content is the _
round ligament of the uterus. leads to the labium majus
34
```
which structure does not pass thru the inguinal canal in males
spermatic cord
ductus deferens
testicular veins
ejaculatory duct
lymph vessels
```
ejaculatory duct
35
in both the M and F the inguinal canal transmits the _ nerve
ilioinguinal
36
ducuts deferens (vas): cord like, conveys sperm from the _ to the _
epididymis to ejaculatory duct
37
Each ductus deferens, at the ampulla, joins the duct from the adjacent __(one of the accessory glands) to form a short ejaculatory duct. Each ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra.
seminal vesicle
38
structures in the spermatic cord
Vas deferens
| testicular artery, veins, and lymph vessels, autonomic nerves
39
testicular artery is a branch of the _ and supplies the
abdominal aorta, testes and epididymis
40
the pampiniform pluxus is an extensive _
venous plexus that leaves the testis and turns into a single testicular vein.
41
testicular lymph vessels go thru the inguinal canal and over the posterior abdominal wall to reach the
lumbar lymph nodes on the side of the aorta at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae
42
cystitis refers to
urinary bladder inflammation
43
cystitis is most commonly caused by a UTI. it affects F more than males bc the difference in length of the
urethra
4cm in women vs 20cm in men
therefore invader must travel longer distance to get to the bladder. eliminating urine by the male tends to flush the urethra before an organism can reach their bladder
44
in the women the urethra opens bw the
clitoris and vagina
45
the male urethra is divided into 3 parts:
prostatic, membranous and penile (spongy).
which is the widest and most dilatable portion
prostatic
46
the male urethra is divided into 3 parts:
prostatic, membranous and penile (spongy).
which is the shortest and least dilatable
membranous
47
the male urethra is divided into 3 parts:
prostatic, membranous and penile (spongy).
which is the longest and narrowest portion
penile (spongy)
48
the bulbourethral glands open into which part of the urethra in men
penile (spongy)
49
the ureter purpose
transport urine
50
urine is stored and concentrated in the
bladder
51
the 3 accessory glands that produce most of the serum? which are paired glands
seminal vesicles = paired
bulbourethral glands/cowper's gland = paired
prostate glands
52
the seminal vesicles are paired sacs at the base of the
bladder
53
the bulbourethral glands aka
Cowper's glands
54
Coopers gland vs Cowper's gland
coopers in breast cowpers is male accessory gland
55
the Cowper's glands are located inferior to the
prostate glands
56
the prostate gland is shaped like an inverted pyramid and lied under the __
bladder with the apex pointing down.
57
emerging from the neck of the bladder, the urethra runs vertically thru the _ and exits in front of the apex
urethra
58
the 2 types of glands in the prostate are
periurethral glands = in central zone surrounding the urethra
main glands = peripheral zone
59
all the accessory glands in the male open into the prostatic urethra and secrete what enzyme?
acid phosphatase, fibrinolysin, and proteins.
60
prostatic secretions makes up _% of the semen
25
61
where does fertilization of oocyte occur: ovaries/ampulla/uterus
ampulla
62
ova (female germ cells) and female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are produced in the
ovaries
63
uterine tubes aka
fallopian tubes
64
site of reception, retention,and nutrition of fertilized ovum
uterus
65
secrete lubricating fluids into the vestibule and vaginal opening during coitus
vestibular glands
66
secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral gland in males
Bartholin's glands
67
the fallopian tubes have fimbriae at end =
long fringes
68
after ovulation fimbriae beat back and forth to hep
guide the egg into the fallopian tube
69
once inside the fallopian tube tiny hairs called _ push the egg toward the uterus
cilia
70
4 parts of the uterus
ampulla (site of fertilization)
fimbriae
infundibulum
isthmus
71
mons pubice
a rounded mass of fatty tissue situated over the pubic bone. forms the anterior portion of the vulva. It divides into the labia majora (literally "larger lips") on either side of the furrow
72
vulva
female external genital organs
73
the 2 tubes on the top side of the penis are called the
corpus cavernosum
74
the _ produce sperm and testosterone
testes
75
where sperm mature
epididymis
76
transport sperm during ejaculation up inside the spermatic cord to urethra
vas ductus deferens
77
produces semen (the fluid that carries sperm). Semen protects sperm from vagina acidity
prostate
78
the _ secrete the majority of the fluid in semen
seminal vesicles (alkaline and rich in fructose)
79
secret fluid that lubricates male urethra and end of penis
bulbourethral glands (Cowper's gland)
80
runs thru prostate and opens into urethra, receives sperm
ejaculatory ducts
81
name the paired organs of the male repro system
testes, epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts
82
the male sex organ is the
penis
83
penis reaches its full size during
puberty
84
Glans of the penis is the
head.
85
in uncircumscised men the glans is covered with pink moist tissue called
mucosa
86
covering the glans is the foreskin (prepuce) in circumcised men, the foreskin is removed and the mucosa on the glans transforms into
dry skin
87
2 columns of tissue running along the sides of the penis. Blood fills this tissue to cause an erection
corpus cavernosum
88
a column of sponge like tissue running along the front of the penis and ending at the glans penis, fills with blood during an erection keeping the urethra open
corpus spongiosum
89
the urethra runs thru the corpus __
spongiosum
90
when sperm cells are formed they migrate in an immature state to the long narrow structure attached to the back of each testicle called the
epididymis
91
sperm are produced in the __ in the testes
seminiferous tubules
92
sperm is produced in the testes and stored outside the testes until ejaculated. t/f
true
93
the most important androgen is
testosterone
94
androgens synthesized and secreted by
interstitial cells of Leydig found in the interstitium of the testis bw the seminiferous tubules
95
ovaries are supported by the
broad ligaments of the uterus
96
all of the ovary's blood and lymph vessels enter at the
hilum
97
the bulk of the ovary is the
stroma
98
the main function of the ovaries is to
produce a mature ova!
| not fertilization
99
the ovaries produce what steroid hormones
estrogen and progesterone
100
progesterone (along w estrogen) maintains the
lining of the uterus necessary for a successful pregnacncy
101
ovulation takes place in the _ of the menstrual cycle
middle
102
a Graafian follicle ruptures to release its ovum which enters the
uterine tube
103
the empty follicle fills with blood and regresses into the
corpus luteum
104
if the ovum is not fertilized the corpus luteum shrinks into a small mass of collagenous tissue called
the corpus albicans.
105
if the ovum is fertilized the _ will persist and continue to secrete progesterone
corpus luteum
106
the _ is the head of the sperm
acrosome
107
the head is made up of the acrosome and the
nucleus
108
the head is attached to its tail (sperm) by the
basal body
109
the mitochondria in sperm are located in the head/body
body
110
the egg (ovum) outer surface is called the
corona radiata
111
underneath the corona radiate in the ovum is the
zona pellucida
112
the ovaries are homologous to the _ in the male
testes
113
T/F each ovary lies in a shallow depression named the ovarian fossa, on the lateral wall of the pelvis. this fossa is bounded above by the external iliac vessels, in front by the obliterated umbilical artery, and behind by the ureter
true
114
the ovaries are behind or in front of the ureter
behind
115
ovaries are supported by the
broad ligament of the uterus
116
all the ovary's blood and lymph vessels and nerves enter at the
hilum
117
beneath the ovaries epithelium is a _ and a _
cortex and a medulla at its core
118
the bulk of the ovary is the supporting structure called the
stroma
119
the main function of the ovaries is
to produce MATURE ova
120
the cortex/medulla of the ovaries contains the ova
cortex
121
the ova begins as
primordial oocytes surrounded by a layer of flat granulosa cells
122
at puberty the granulosa cells that surround the ova begin to multiply and form the
multilayered theca interna that secretes androgen in response to LH
123
grnulosa cells have aromatase that converts
androgens produced by the theca interna into the necessary estrogens
124
the surrounding stromal cells of the granulosa cells form the
theca externa
125
a split in the theca interna appears and expands to form a fluid filled cavity that pushes the oocyte to one side. the follicle is now called a
Graafian follicle
126
ovulation takes place in the _ of each menstrual cycle
middle
127
in ovulation the Graafian follicle
ruptures and releases the ovum which enters the uterine tube
128
the empty follicle fills with blood and regresses into
the corpus luteum
129
if the ovum is fertilized the corpus luteum will continue secreting
progesterone to maintain the pregnancy
130
if the ovum is not fertilized the corpus luteum shrink into a small mass of collagenous tissue called the
corpus albicans
131
oogenesis leads to the production of how many ovum/egg cells from the primary oocyte
1
132
in spermatogenesis: production of how many ovum/egg cells from the primary oocyte
4 sperm
133
when the primary oocyte divides into 4 daughter cells, 3 of them come out much smaller than the fourth. the smaller cells are called
polar bodies = eventually disintegrate leaving only 1 larger ovum as the final product of oogenesis
