NBDE ANATOMICAL SCIENCES Urinary System

Question 1

the ureter connects which of the following parts of the kidney to the urinary bladder:

a. renal papilla
b. renal columns
c. renal calyx
d. renal pelvis

Answer 1

renal pelvis

Question 2

kidneys are located at the back of the abdomen one on each side of the spine at the level of the

Answer 2

lower ribs on the sides of the lumbar spine

Question 3

two hormones the kidneys secrete

Answer 3

renin and erythropoietin

Question 4

the kidneys lie retroperiotoneally = ?

Answer 4

external to the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity in front of the muscles attached to the vertebral column

Question 5

the outer light brown layer of the kidneys, the cortex contains

Answer 5

glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Question 6

the site of blood filtration in the kidneys are the

Answer 6

cortex

Question 7

the inner dark-brown layer of the kidneys contains

Answer 7

cone like renal pyramids separated by renal columns

Question 8

renal columns are extensions of the

Answer 8

cortex

Question 9

___ = a hollow inner structure that joins with the ureters and receives urine thru the calyces

Answer 9

renal pelvis

Question 10

the ureters are tubes that connect the

Answer 10

bladder to the kidneys, take urine to them

Question 11

renal ___ is the apex of the pyramids. this is where the collecting ducts pour into minor calcyes

Answer 11

papilla

Question 12

Renal __ is an extension of the renal pelvis. minor calyces unite to form major calyces, which urine is emptied into

Answer 12

calyx

Question 13

__ is a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the renal pelvis, renal calyces, blood vessels, nerves and fat.

Answer 13

renal sinus
Contents of renal sinus are

1 renal vein
2 renal artery
3 renal pelvis
“VAP”

Question 14

which kidney lies slightly lower than the other? and why

Answer 14

the right kidney lies lower bc large size of the right lobe of the liver

Question 15

each kidney is surrounded by a _ and is supported by adipose tissue

Answer 15

fibrous renal capsule

Question 16

each kidney has an indentation, the __ on the medial border through which the ureters, vessels and nerves enter and leave

Answer 16

hilum

Question 17

each kidney receives blood from _ artery, a branch of the _

Answer 17

renal artery

abdominal aorta

Question 18

the renal corpuscule contains

Answer 18

glomerulus (network of parallel capillaries) and a double walled cup, the Bowman’s capsule = site of filtration

Question 19

the filtrate is normally free of 2 things

Answer 19

cells and proteins

Question 20

macula densa is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the wall of the _

Answer 20

distal tubule

Question 21

the macula densa cells are sensitive to concentration of

Answer 21

NaCl

Question 22

how does the macula densa respond to a decrease in sodium chloride

Answer 22

decrease resistance to blood flow in afferent arterioles = increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure and helps return GFR to normal and increases renin release from juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 23

the collecting ducts descend into the medulla where they converge to produce large diameter ducts in the papillae called the

Answer 23

papillary ducts or ducts of Bellini

Question 24

the papillary ducts or ducts of Bellini open into the __ at the tip of the papillae

Answer 24

calyces

Question 25

which of the following persists as the definite (permanent) kidney: a. pronephros b. metanephros c. mesonephros d. none of the above

Answer 25

b. metanephros

Question 26

urinary system parts are

Answer 26

kidneys ureter urethra and bladder

Question 27

the kidney develops thru phases each marked by the development of a more advanced kidney. what are they

Answer 27

pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros pronephros = most immature form of kidney and metanephros is the most developed

Question 28

is the left or right ureter longer

Answer 28

left is longer bc the right kidney is lower due to liver.

Question 29

the ureters are narrowest

Answer 29

near origin at renal pelvis = ureteropelvic junction

Question 30

the ureterovesical junction is

Answer 30

bw the ureter and bladder

Question 31

filling of the bladder constricts the ureters at the _ junction

Answer 31

ureterovesical

Question 32

peristaltic waves moves urine into the ureters every 1 to 5 min. T/F

Answer 32

true

Question 33

in the female the ureter descends _ to the ovary

Answer 33

posterior

Question 34

the urinary bladder is in the_ cavity

Answer 34

pelvic

Question 35

the urinary bladder is slightly lower in F or M

Answer 35

female

Question 36

_ epithelium lines the urinary bladder

Answer 36

transitional

Question 37

the urinary bladder _ urine

Answer 37

concentrates urine and is a reservoir of urine

Question 38

the bladder discharges thru

Answer 38

the urethra

Question 39

transition epithelium cells of the bladder are specialized to change shape in response to

Answer 39

pressure

Question 40

when the bladder is empty, bladder transitional epithelium cells are _ shaped

Answer 40

less cuboidal = empty as the bladder fills = compressed and flattened

Question 41

in males the urethra carries

Answer 41

semen and urine

Question 42

the portion of the male urethra that passes thru the urogenital diaphragm is called the

Answer 42

membranous urethra