NBDE ANATOMICAL SCIENCES: Joints

Question 1

most articular cartilages are covered by

Answer 1

hyaline cartilage

Question 2

Are synovial joints freely moveable?

Answer 2

Yes aka (diarthrodial joints)

Question 3

synovial joints movement is only limited by

Answer 3

joint surfaces, ligaments, muscles or tendons

Question 4

the TMJ contains _ cartilage

Answer 4

fibrocartilage (NOT HYALINEE cartilage)

Question 5

most joints in our body are _ joints

Answer 5

synovial

Question 6

synovial joints are classified functionally as __

Answer 6

diarthroses - means freely moveable

Question 7

SOME but not all synovial joints have articular discs made of fibrocartilage, that divides the cavity into 2 separate cavities. name the 2 joints in our body that have this disc

Answer 7

TMJ

sternoclavicular joint

Question 8

synovial fluid is a clear, thick fluid secreted by the

Answer 8

synovial membrane

Question 9

10% of synovial joints have a washer-like structure bw bone ends called the

Answer 9

meniscus = absorbs shock, stabilizes the joint and spreads synovial fluid.

Question 10

the meniscus is made of

Answer 10

fibrocartilage (also in TMJ)

Question 11

does the meniscus have blood supply/nerves/lymph vessicles

Answer 11

no

Question 12

can the meniscus heal itself

Answer 12

no

Question 13

the most famous and most injured meniscus in our body is the

Answer 13

knee meniscus

Question 14

A ___ is a fluid sac that is lined with a synovial membrane

Answer 14

bursa

Question 15

function of bursa is to

Answer 15

reduce friction

Question 16

which are synarthrosis joints:

a. skull sutures
b. TMJ
c. condyloid joints
d. synovial joints

Answer 16

a. skull sutures

Question 17

joints aka as articulations are the structures where _ connect

Answer 17

bones

Question 18

the 3 main classes of joints/articulations are based on the amount of _ they allow

Answer 18

motion

Question 19

___ is an immovable, fibrous joint

Answer 19

synarthrosis = sutures bw the flat bones of the skull.

Question 20

Gomphosis is what type of joint:

synarthrosis/amphiarthrosis/diarthrosis

Answer 20

synarthrosis

Question 21

where are the gomphosis joints?

Answer 21

joint that binds teeth to the bony sockets (dental alveoli) in the mandible and maxilla

think GUMS = GOMPHosis

Question 22

amphiarthrosis is a _ joint

ex?

Answer 22

slightly moveable joint. Cartilaginous

symphysis pubis = 2 os coxa bone join anteriorly

Question 23

diarthrosis is a

Answer 23

freely movable joint (synovial joint)

Question 24

1. freely moveable joint
2. slightly moveable joint
3. immovable joint
   diarthrosis/amphiarthrosis/synarthrosis

Answer 24

1. diarthrosis/synovial
2. amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)
3. synarthrosis (fibrous) (gomphosis) = not moveable

Question 25

the spheno-occipital joint and epiphyseal cartilage plates are what kind of joints: a. syndesmoses b. synchondrosis c. symphyses d. sutures

Answer 25

synchondrosis

Question 26

synarthrosis are _ fibrous/synovial/cartilaginous

Answer 26

fibrous joints = barely movable or non movable

Question 27

sutures are connected by fibrous connective tissue and are found bw the _ bones of the _

Answer 27

flat | skull

Question 28

the __ suture is b/w the frontal and parietal bones

Answer 28

coronal

Question 29

the _ suture is b/w the two parietal bones

Answer 29

sagittal

Question 30

the _ suture is b/w the parietal and occipital bones

Answer 30

lambdoid

Question 31

the intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures

Answer 31

bregma

Question 32

the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Answer 32

Lambda

Question 33

cartilaginous joints are aka

Answer 33

amphiarthroses

Question 34

primary cartilaginous joints = synchondrosis = united by

Answer 34

hyaline cartilage and permit no movement but growth in the length of the bone

Question 35

the epiphyseal cartilage plates, the first rib and the sternum are what kind of joints?

Answer 35

cartilaginous joints (amphiarthrosis) = synchondrosis (primary cartilaginous joints)

Question 36

Symphyses are _ joints

Answer 36

secondary cartilaginouse joints united by fibrocartilage and are slightly moveable.

Question 37

the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are _ joints

Answer 37

cartilaginous joints (amphiarthrosis) = symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints)

Question 38

four characteristics of these joints are: joint cavity (synovial), articular cartilage, synovial membrane, articular capsule

Answer 38

synovial joints (diarthrodial joints)

Question 39

gliding plane joint is a synovial joint found in

Answer 39

carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of ankle

Question 40

hinge joint is a synovial joint found in

Answer 40

elbows and knees

Question 41

pivot joints are synovial joints found between

Answer 41

atlas (C1) and axis (C2) of the vertebral column

Question 42

Ellipsoidal (condyloid) joints are synovial joints found between

Answer 42

the forearm bones (radius and ulna) and the adjacent carpal bones

Question 43

saddle joint is a synovial joint found

Answer 43

where the metarcarpal of the thumb meets the trapezium of the carpus (wrist)

Question 44

ball and socket joint is a synovial joint allows most type of movements. these are found where

Answer 44

shoulder and hip joint

Question 45

mnemonic for carpal bones

Answer 45

some lovers try positions that they can't handle (from lateral to medial): scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hannate

Question 46

between the metarcarpal of the thumb meets the trapezium of the carpus (wrist) is the __ joint

Answer 46

saddle

Question 47

which joint allows maximal rotational movement of the head about its vertical axis (when you shake your head "NO")?

Answer 47

atlantoaxial joint

Question 48

the first cervical vertebra (C1) is the atlas/axis

Answer 48

atlas (C1), axis is (C2) go in abc order down the spine

Question 49

how many vertebrae do we have in each section?

Answer 49

cervical 7 thoracic 12 lumbar 5 think I eat breakfast at 7, lunch at 12, dinner at 5

Question 50

do the axis and atlas (C1 and C2) have a: 1. intervertebral disc bw them 2. intervertebral foramen

Answer 50

neither

Question 51

C1 has two lateral masses and no _

Answer 51

vertebral body

Question 52

1. the atlanto-occipital joint permits _ movement | 2. the atlantoaxial joint permits _ movement

Answer 52

1. atlanto-occipital = rocking/nodding yes 2. atlantoaxial permits maximum rotation movement around axis = say no. to remember(you know the axis of your body is vertical) so rotation around it in your neck would be side to side. occipital is the back of your head so you push down up and down movement

Question 53

when rotating the forearm with the palm turning outward this motion is

Answer 53

supination

Question 54

abduction vs adduction

Answer 54

abduction (away= you abducted my child and ran away) | ADDuction is towards the body = adding to the body

Question 55

___ movement is decreasing the inner angle of a joint

Answer 55

flexion

Question 56

_ movement is increasing the inner angle of a joint

Answer 56

extension

Question 57

_ is movement away from midline of body

Answer 57

abduction

Question 58

_ is moving towards the midline of body

Answer 58

adduction

Question 59

side bending of neck/torso

Answer 59

lateral flexion

Question 60

rotating or pivoting around a long axis

Answer 60

rotation

Question 61

rotating the forearm with the palm turning inward

Answer 61

pronation

Question 62

turning the foot laterally resulting in the sole moving outward

Answer 62

eversion

Question 63

draw forward shoulder

Answer 63

protraction

Question 64

draw shoulders back

Answer 64

retraction

Question 65

bending the elbow is what movement

Answer 65

flexion

Question 66

dropping the chin to the chest is what movement

Answer 66

flexion

Question 67

kicking legs back is what movement

Answer 67

extension (hip extension)

Question 68

back bend is what movement

Answer 68

extension

Question 69

dropping ear towards shoulder is what movement

Answer 69

lateral flexion

Question 70

twisting along spinal cord (seated twist) is what movement

Answer 70

rotation

Question 71

lifting arm then turning arm (like emptying a can of soda) is what movement

Answer 71

pronation = rotating the forearm with palm turning inward

Question 72

standing with the weight on the inner edge of foot is what movement

Answer 72

eversion

Question 73

round shoulders forward "spreading back" is what movement

Answer 73

protraction = draw forward shoulders

Question 74

squeezing shoulder blades together is what movement

Answer 74

retraction = drawing shoulders back