Pravidla

Question 1

Č, ď, ň, ř, š, ť, ž, c, j

Answer 1

Soft consonants

Question 2

B, p, m, v, f (the labials, formed with the lips), and l, s, z.

Answer 2

Ambivalent consonants

Question 3

After soft consonants the ‘i’ vowel is normally spelt with i.

The letter ‘y’ only follows hard consonants and occasionally c.

Ambivalent consonants b, p, m, v, f and l, s, z are followed by either.

Answer 3

…

Question 4

Ě

Answer 4

Softens the preceding consonant

Question 5

i/í

Answer 5

Softens preceding d, t, n

Question 6

Any of these paired consonants are immediately next to one another, they share the same voice quality, the quality takes its cue from the second consonant in the sequence.

Answer 6

Včera [fčera], těžký [ťeškí], lehký [lechkí], sladký [sladkí], Zuzka [Zuska]

Question 7

Voiced v has no effect on preceding consonants

Answer 7

Svůj, svoje, tvůj, tvoje

Question 8

Voiced consonants also typically devoice when they come at the of a word, before a pause

Answer 8

Hrad [hrat], sníh [sňích], už [uš], krev [kref]

Question 9

Masculine nouns

Answer 9

Most nouns ending in a consonant eg. Hrad, kufr, vlak, stroj, čaj

Some ending in a soft or ambivalent consonant are feminine eg píseň, tramvaj

Question 10

Feminine consonants

Answer 10

Most nouns ending in -a or -e or the suffix -ost eg voda, lekce, radost

[a few ending in -e are neuter eg. Moře, pole]

Question 11

Neuter

Answer 11

Most nouns ending in -o or -í eg město, auto, stavení, náměstí

Question 12

Dictionaries often give the genitive singular to mark the declension type (soft or hard)

Answer 12

Eg. Žena -y

Question 13

The locative often denotes a fixed location and is only used after prepositions

Answer 13

The dative and locative singular endings are often the same

Question 14

The genitive singular as a marker of declension

Answer 14

Typical hard types have genitive singular -a (masculine animate or neuter), -u (masculine inanimate) or -y (feminine)

The most typical soft types have genitive singular -e

Question 15

Pohybné e

Answer 15

Fleeting e

Question 16

Vowel shortening

Answer 16

Mráz - mrazu

Dům - domu

Stůl - stolu

Also

Vítr - větru

Sníh - sněhu

Question 17

Type muž -e

Answer 17

Masculine animates ending in soft consonants (c, č, ď, j, ň, ř, š, ť, ž) eg. Otec - otce, novinář -e; those ending in -tel eg učitel -e, překladatel -e

A few others ending in ambivalent consonants eg. Král -e

Question 18

Type soudce

Answer 18

-e

Průvodce, správce, vůdce

Question 19

Stroj -e

Answer 19

Konec, konce
Klíč -e
Stroj -e
Čaj -e
Pytel -tle
Zřetel -e (viewpoint)

Question 20

Feminine

Růže -e

Answer 20

Ulice, duše, země, přítelkyně

Question 21

Feminine

Píseň - sně

Answer 21

Tramvaj -e

Skříň -ně

Question 22

Feminine nouns

Kost -i

Answer 22

Radost -i

Část -i

Moc -i

Noc -i

Sůl -i

Myš -i

Question 23

Neuter type

Moře

-e

Answer 23

Pole, srdce

-iště

Question 24

Neuter type

Kuře -ete

Answer 24

Nouns for the young of animals ending in -e

Eg. Kotě, štěne, also děvče

A few others ending in -e eg. Rajče

Question 25

Stavení -í

Answer 25

Náměstí Překvapení Vzdělaní

Question 26

1. Pád - kdo, co 2. Pád - koho, čeho 3. Pád - komu, čemu 4. Pád - co, koho 5. Pád - voláme 6. Pád - kom, čem 7. Pád - kým, čým

Answer 26

...

Question 27

Masculine animate adjectives only differ from inanimate ones in the accusative singular and the nominative plural

Answer 27

...

Question 28

Plural cases of adjectives do not distinguish between genders, except in the nominative/accusative forms

Answer 28

...

Question 29

Zvenčí / zvenku

Answer 29

From outside

Question 30

Zevnitř

Answer 30

From inside

Question 31

Shora / seshora / odshora

Answer 31

From above

Question 32

Zdola / zezdola / odzdola

Answer 32

From below

Question 33

Z domova

Answer 33

From home

Question 34

Pomalý - pomalu Rychlý - rychle Pozdní - pozdě

Answer 34

...

Question 35

Vroucí - vroucně

Answer 35

Fervent - Fervently | adjectives ending in -cí based on present participles sometimes form adverbs in -ně.

Question 36

Proč mi vykáš?

Answer 36

Všichni mu tykají.

Question 37

Oni is regularly used as a subject pronoun for all genders in the everyday spoken language

Answer 37

But in standard written Czech: Oni byli Ony byly Ona byla

Question 38

Z mojí (mé) sestry

Answer 38

Druhý pád

Question 39

Z naší sestry

Answer 39

Druhý pád

Question 40

Moji (mou), naši sestru

Answer 40

4 acc.

Question 41

Mojí (mé), naší sestře

Answer 41

3 dative

Question 42

Mého, našeho bratra

Answer 42

2. Gen

Question 43

o mojí (mé), naší sestře

Answer 43

6 loc.

Question 44

Mým, naším bratrem

Answer 44

7 ins.

Question 45

mojí (mou), naší sestrou

Answer 45

7 ins.

Question 46

Certain verbs, especially reflexive verbs, are followed by the genitive case, where an English speaker might expect the accusative:

Answer 46

Eg. Bál se trestu Všimli si jeho strachu Zeptal se Jany, kde je Karel.

Question 47

Verb + genitive

Answer 47

Váží si jejího názoru. Dosáhla vysokého věku. Dosáhli velmi dobrých výsledku.

Question 48

Verb + genitive

Answer 48

Užili vhodného okamžiku. They took advantage of a suitable moment. Užila (si) pěkného počasí.

Question 49

Sometimes the genitive expressed "some", a notable quantity of:

Answer 49

Ta dostala dárků. Tady je lidí!

Question 50

In fixed phrases after a negative verb the genitive occasionally denotes "not any". Usually confined to idioms in present-day speech:

Answer 50

Neřekl ani slova/slovo Není divu

Question 51

Verb + dative

Answer 51

Pomáháme Honzovi. Věříme tátovi.

Question 52

Verb + instrumental

Answer 52

Chlubil se svými známostmi. Mávl rukou. Pokrčil rameny. Hodil po něm kamenem. - he threw a stone at him / he used a stone to throw at him. But hodil knihu na stůl.

Question 53

Na in the sense of "for (a purpose)" or "onto" + accusative

Answer 53

Čekám na Věru, na Milana Dávám oběd na stůl (acc = nom) Přes meaning "across, despite" Most přes řeku

Question 54

Na as on or onto When na means location "on" it takes the locative, but when it means "onto" with motion, it takes the accusative.

Answer 54

Kníha leží na stole. Dávám kníhu na stůl.

Question 55

For in and into you normally use two different prepositions.

Answer 55

Marta je v Brně Marta jede do Brna

Question 56

Chlubit se ned.

Answer 56

čím Chlubit se cizím peřím - strut with borrowed plumes

Question 57

Mezi náma třema

Answer 57

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