Flashcards in 3/22 - UW 17 Deck (58)
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1
What is digital clubbing caused by?
Hypoxic conditions: Heart or lung disease, IBD, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption
2
What kind of nuclear material is in the mitochondria?
mtDNA is a small, circular chromosome coding for 14 proteins and their associated rRNA and tRNA
3
What MRSA tx causes Red Man Syndrome and nephrotoxicity? MOA?
Vanc, blocks glycopeptide polymerization be binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine
4
What is Red Man Syndrome?
Due to vancomycin: flushing or rash on face, neck, torso due to nonspecific mast cell degranulation, NOT IgE-mediated
5
What MRSA tx causes myopathy and CPK elevation, that is inactivated by surfactant? MOA?
Daptomycin, depolarizes cellular membrane
6
What MRSA tx causes thrombocytopenia and optic neuritis, and increases risk for serotonin syndrome? MOA?
Linezolid, inhibits 50S subunit
7
What street drug causes nystagmus?
Phencyclindine (PCP)
8
What street drug causes chest pain and sz?
Cocaine
9
What street drug causes choreiform movements?
Meth
10
Cocaine MOA?
Blocks reuptake of DA, NE, 5HT in CNS
11
Phencyclidine (PCP) MOA?
Antagonizes NMDA rececptor
12
Acyclovir MOA?
Guanosine analog: first phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase (rate limiting step) to monophosphate, then to active triphosphate form
13
Why are EBV and CMV less susceptible to acyclovir than HSV and VZV?
Different thymidine kinase limits ability to activate acyclovir by phosphorylation
14
Why is CMV more sensitive to ganciclovir than other herpesviruses?
Differences in viral DNA polymerase structure
15
What is the primary site of rRNA synthesis?
Nucleolus
16
What do RNA polymerase I, II, and III do?
RPI: rRNA
RPII: mRNA, snRNA, miRNA
RPIII: tRNA, 5S rRNA
17
What is the fxn of Secretin?
Pancreatic BICARB secretion
18
What is the effect of CCK on the gallbladder? What is it secreted by?
Contraction, secreted by duodenal and jejunal I cells
19
What is the fxn of Gastrin?
Secretion of gastric acid, and gastric motility
20
What is an antidepressant that doesn't have sexual dysfunction side effects?
Bupropion
21
What CN carries motor innervation to the tongue?
Hypoglossal (CN XII), except the palatoglossus muscle (CN X)
22
What CNs carry general sensory from the tongue?
Anterior 2/3: mandibular branch of trigeminal (CN V3)
Posterior 1/3: glossopharyngial (CN IX)
Posterior part of tongue root: CN X
23
What CNs carry gustatory sensation from the tongue?
Anterior 2/3: chorda tympani of facial nerve (CN VII)
Posterior 1/3: glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Posterior of tongue root: CN X
24
Jejunal ulcers is strongly suggestive of what neoplasm?
Gastrinomas: neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, peripancreatic tissue, or duodenum
25
Sx of VIPoma?
Intractable diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
26
With gout, what accumulates in the synovial fluid and forms crystals?
Monosodium urate (uric acid salt)
27
With gout, levels of what increases in the serum?
Uric acid
28
What is lead time bias?
Bias in lead time (time between detection and outcome) due to different detection methods, without actual change in time to outcome
29
What is suggested with fatigue, bradycardia, weight fain, and slowed DTRs?
Hypothyroidism
30
What does the dexamethasone suppression test screen for?
Cushing's syndrome (cortisol excess)
31
What substrates can be formed into propionyl CoA?
Isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine
Cholesterol
Odd cahin fatty acids
32
What cofactor is necessary for the carboxylation of propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA?
Biotin, cofactor for propionyl CoA carboxylase
33
What product of methylmalonyl CoA enters the TCA?
Succinyl CoA
34
What is the cofactor for isomerization of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA?
B12
35
A newborn with lethargy, emesis, hypotonia, AGMA, ketosis, and hypoglycemia is suggestive of what?
Propionyl acidemia
36
Phosphoinositol system?
Ligand ginds to Gq, activates PLC, hydrolyzing PIP2 into DAG and IP3. DAG stimulates PKC. IP3 increased intracellular Ca
37
What is visible 12-28 hours after ischemic inj to the brain?
Red neurons (eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of Nissl substance)
38
What is visible 3-6 hours after ischemic inj to the brain?
No visible changes
39
What is visible 3-5 days after ischemic inj to the brain?
Macrophage infiltration and phagocytosis
40
What is visible 1-3 days after ischemic inj to the brain?
Necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration
41
What is visible 1-2 weeks after ischemic inj to the brain?
Reactive gliosis and vascular proliferation = liquefactive necrosis
42
When does the glial cell form after ischemic inj to the brain?
Over 2 weeks later
43
When do you see macrophages after an ischemic inj to the brain?
3-5 days
44
What do you see neutrophils after an ischemic inj to the brain?
1-3 days
45
DKA is strongly associated with what fungal infection?
Mucor species
46
What is the most common cause of lacunar infarcts?
hypertensive arteriolosclerosis of small, penetrating arterioles
47
What lymph nodes does the prostate drain to?
Internal iliac nodes primarily, as well as external iliacs and sacral
48
What liver disease presents with severe, nocturnal pruritis?
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
49
What is the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis?
Autoimmune destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts and cholestasis
50
Which cholesterol medication has a side effect of gouty arthritis?
Niacin
51
Niacin MOA?
Decreasing hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and VLDL. Also increase HDL by 25-30%
52
What medications increase serum uric acid levels?
Niacin, HCTZ, cyclosporing, pyrazinamide
53
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the precursor for what endogenous peptides?
beta-endorphin, ACTH, MSH
54
What is the eponym for esophageal cells showing dysplasia at high risk of adenocarcinoma?
Barrett's esophagus (intestinal type epithelium with goblet cells
55
What are the risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
Primary: alcohol and tobacco
Secondary: Plummer-Vinson syndrome, achalasia, corrosive strictures
56
What are the 3 components of a craniopharyngioma (arising from remnants of Rathke's pouch)?
1. solid (actual tumor cells)
2. cystic (filled with machinery oil liquid)
3. calcified
57
What are some sx of congenital hypothyroidism?
Jaundice, macroglossia, myxedema, lethargy, hypotonia, hoarse cry
58
